Enzymes Flashcards
(20 cards)
lock and key hypothesis
enzyme is highly specific in its action, each enzyme will only act on on type of substrate, has complementary shap to that of an enzyme
induced fit hypothesis
active siet changes shape slighlty to create fit between e&s that is binded to it, after s is acted upon and lleaves active site, e returns back to orginal shape, explains the certain amt flexibilty that e has to accommodate to other molecules
rate of enzymic reaction
how fast/slow enzyme changes substrate into a product
what is a cofactor
a substance(non protein) that helps enzyme to bring about a chemcal reaction
what is a limiting factor
a factor that increases the rate at which chemcial reaction occurs, as quntity of factor increases, rate of chemcial reaction increases
what does enzyme do
speeds up rate of chemical reacion without being used up or altered in the process
= catalyst
decreases the activation energy required to start a chemical equation, less energy is needed to bring about the formation of products
catabolic enzyme
breaks downcomplex into simple
anabolicenzyme
builds up complex from simple
factors affecting rate of enzyme activity
presence of cofactor
temp
concent. substrate
concent.enzyme
pH levels
optimum working ph/temp
pH level/temp that the rate of enzymic reaction is the highest
what happens as temp increases
greaterHE–KE, so e and s move around faster, more effective collision btween the two, chances of e/s forming is higher, leading to formation of more products
temp above optimum working temp/pH level
heat denatures enzymes, so of enzymic activity wil decrease and eventually stop. Enzyme loses its complemnatry shape, so substarte cannot fit into its active site, and thus enzyme cannot function nmore and form new products
what happens when ph levl increase
enzymatic activity will increae until it reaches optimum working ph level
what happens with concentration of enzyme increase
rate of enzymatic reaction increases, as there are more available active sites for substrate to bind to and be acted upon, thus more products can be formed
what happens when concent. e is equal or gretaer than concent of s
th rate of enzymacti activity will remain constant athe saturation level, as all enzymes are engaged with other substrates, sso there are no avaiable actove sites left for the rest the s to bind to and be acted upon to from new products
what happens when concent of s increases
the rate of enzymatic activity increases, as more s would mean effective collision bewteen s and e happening more freuqnetly, so more e/s complexes can be formed, and and increase in the fomation of products
what happens when concet. s is greater or equal to concent e
the rate of enzymatic reaction willremain constant, as e are at their maximum capacity, since all of them are engaged with a substarte, so there are no available active sites for substrate to bind to, hence further increase has no effct on enzyme reaction
meat tenderizer
proteases break down muscle fibre n protein in meat, so meat is tendr and seasoning can penetrate it
