Enzymes

Question 1

function or activity

Answer 1

each enzyme catalyzes some reaction

Question 2

cofactors

Answer 2

inorganic ions, ion complexes, or organic compound required for enzyme activity

Question 3

coenzymes

Answer 3

an organic cofactor required for the action of certain enxymes

Question 4

enzyme active site (active center)

Answer 4

site of catalysis where substrates are bound and converted to products. Specific for substrates and cofactors or conenzymes. Generally sequestered from solvent. Binds to the transition state of the substrate more tightly than the ground state of either S or P.

Question 5

allosteric (modulator) site

Answer 5

separate from active site. these allosteric modulators or effectors bind to enzyme and affect catalysis directly or indirectly by modulating struture.

Question 6

binding energy

Answer 6

the major source of free energy exploited by enzymes to lower activation energy and to achieve transition state

Question 7

entropy reduction

Answer 7

enz can hold substrate in the proper orientation to react, this constraining molecular motions

Question 8

desolvation of S

Answer 8

formation of weak bonds between enz and s results. replacement of h20 molecules by enz R groups

Question 9

induced fit

Answer 9

enz also undergoes change in conformation to optimize noncovalent interactions with substract

Question 10

holoenzyme

Answer 10

complete enzyme complex including all the protein subunits and prosthetic groups

Question 11

apoenzyme

Answer 11

an enzyme without its prosthetic group