Enzymes

Question 1

Protease

a) is produced…
b) substrate is…
c) works in the…
d) product is…

Answer 1

a) Produced by the stomach, pancreas and small intestine.
b) Its substrate is Protein.
c) It works in the stomach and small intestine.
d) The product is amino acids.

Question 2

Lipase

a) produced in…
b) substrate is…
c) works in…
d) products are…

Answer 2

• Produced by the pancreas and small intestine.
• Its substrate are Lipids.
• It works in the small intestine
• Its products are fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 3

What are proteins made of?

Answer 3

Long chains of amino acids

Question 4

What are enzymes?

Answer 4

Biological Catalysts

Question 5

What do enzymes do?

Answer 5

Speed up reactions.

Question 6

Carbohydrase( Amylase)

a) produced in…
b) substrate is…
c) works in…
d) product is…

Answer 6

• Produced by the Salivary glands, the pancreas and the small intestine.
• Its substrate is Carbohydrate.
• It works in the mouth and small intestine.
• The products are glucose

Question 7

Enzymes have an area where other molecules fit called…

Answer 7

The ‘active site’

Question 8

What is held in the ‘active site’?

Answer 8

The substrate

Question 9

Enzymes can:

Answer 9

• Build large molecules from smaller ones
• Change one molecule into another.
• Break down large molecules into smaller ones.

Question 10

What is enzyme activity affected by?

Answer 10

• Temperature

* pH

Question 11

At higher temperatures, reactions take place…

Answer 11

Faster

Question 12

What happens when the temperature gets too hot?

Answer 12

The enzyme denatures.

Question 13

What happens if the pH is too acidic or alkaline for the enzyme?

Answer 13

The enzyme becomes denatured.

Question 14

What pH do enzymes work best in?

Answer 14

2-3pH

Question 15

What chemical does the stomach produce to create acidic conditions?

Answer 15

Hydrochloric acid

Question 16

Where is bile produced and stored?

Answer 16

It’s produced in the liver and stored in the hall bladder.

Question 17

How does bile help the process of digestion?

Answer 17

• It neutralises the stomach acid.

* It makes the conditions in the small intestine slightly alkaline.

Question 18

What conditions do amylase and lipase work best in?

Answer 18

Slightly alkaline conditions

Question 19

What are the roles of proteins?

Answer 19

• Structural components e.g muscles
• Hormones
• Antibodies
• Enzymes

Question 20

What is meant by the term ‘catalysts’?

Answer 20

Speed up reactions

Question 21

Define the term ‘biological catalyst’.

Answer 21

Speed up reactions in the body

Question 22

Name three types of reaction that enzymes are involved in.

Answer 22

• Building large molecules from small ones.
• Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones.
• Changing one molecule into another.

Question 23

What is special about the active site of the enzyme?

Answer 23

It is a specific shape for the substrate.

Question 24

What is a substrate?

Answer 24

The molecule the enzyme acts on.

Question 25

Describe the lock and key hypothesis.

Answer 25

The substrate fits into a particular enzyme creating a enzyme-substrate complex and the products of this. The enzyme remains unchanged.

Question 26

Name two factors that can affect the rate of an enzyme reaction.

Answer 26

* PH | * Temperature

Question 27

Describe and explain how temp affects enzyme action.

Answer 27

1) As temp increases so does rate of reaction 2) Optimum temp: Temp at which rate is fastest 3) High temp: Enzyme denatures, shape of active site is left and substrate no longer fits.

Question 28

What happens to the active site when an enzyme is denatured?

Answer 28

The active site is left and the substrate no longer fits into the enzyme.

Question 29

Describe and explain how Ph can affect the rate of an enzyme reaction.

Answer 29

When the enzyme is not working at its optimum PH the rate of the recruit is much slower. The enzyme is denatured.

Question 30

What does the term optimum mean in terms of temp/PH?

Answer 30

PH/temp at which the reaction is fastest.

Question 31

What are some uses of enzymes in everyday life?

Answer 31

* Biological detergents: break down proteins and fats in stains.(cleaner wash and better than non-bio at low temps) * Protease) Baby foods: Predigest some of the protein in the food(easier for baby to digest+get amino acids needed) * Carbohydrase) Food production: Convert starch into sugar(cheap source of sweetness). * Isomerase) Slimming foods: Changes glucose into fructose(smaller amounts needed to make food taste sweet).

Question 32

Advantages of using enzymes.

Answer 32

* Catalyse reactions at low temps and normal pressures * Cheap to use enzyme based processes * Pure enzymes use substrate more efficiently

Question 33

Disadvantages of using enzymes.

Answer 33

* Expensive to produce * Requires a lot of energy for some processes * Temps must be kept low * PH must be controlled