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Flashcards in Enzymes Deck (21)
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1
Q

What are enzymes

A

Proteins responsible for various metabolic reactions in our bodies
They are biological catalysts

2
Q

What do proteins do?

A
There are many types of protein
They have a number of different roles
1. Structure
2. Hormones
3. Antibodies 
4. Catalysts
3
Q

What is an enzyme-substrate complex?

A

Where substrate and enzyme bind together so that a reaction can occur

4
Q

How do they bind ?

A

The substrate is a specific shape so it can fit into the active site of the enzyme

5
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance which changes the rate of a reaction without being changed or used up itself in the reaction

6
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place

7
Q

What is an active site

A

The special site in the structure of the enzyme where the substrate binds

8
Q

What key factors affect enzyme reactions

A

Temperature

pH

9
Q

How does temperature affect enzyme reactions

A

As temperature increases the rate of reaction increases as molecules have more energy and are more likely to collide

Optimum temperate equals maximium rate of reaction
Enzymes In humans = 37c
Higher then 37c it starts to denature and cannot bind with substrate

10
Q

How does pH affect enzyme reaction rate

A

The enzyme trypsin only functions in the stomach where it is acidic pH2
Amylase works in the small intestine pH〰️8

11
Q

What are enzymes made of

A

Amino acids

12
Q
What is protease?
1 Found in
2 Substrate
3 Product
4 Advantage
A

Produced by stomach, small intestine and pancreas
Catalyst breakdown of proteins into amino acids in stomach and small intestine
1 Found in baby food
2 protein
3 amino acids
4 babies cannot digest without it

13
Q

Carbohydrase

A

?

14
Q

Lactase

A

Substrate is lactose

15
Q

Isomerise

A

!

16
Q

Lipase

A

Produced by pancreas and small intestine
Catalyst breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol in small intestine

Found in washing powder
Substrate - fat
Product - fatty acids and glycerol
Breaks down stains

17
Q

What does pepsin do?

A

Breaks down proteins into protease

18
Q

Amylase

A

Produced in salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine

Catalysts break down starch into sugars in mouth and small intestine

19
Q

Stomach also produces…

A

Hydrochloric acid as enzymes work best in acid conditions

20
Q

What does liver do

A

Produces bile stored in gall bladder until release into small intestine

21
Q

What does bile do

A

Neutralises acid added to food in stomach

Alkaline conditions and large surface area increase rate of fat breakdown by lipase