Enzymes and Cellular Energy

Question 1

What is ATP?

Answer 1

Adenosine Triphosphate
(Energy)

Question 2

How is ATP used for energy?

Answer 2

By breaking the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphates

Question 3

What are the substances that participate in a chemical reaction?

Answer 3

Reactants (substrates in the case of enzymes)

Question 4

What is the amount of energy needed to break the bonds during a chemical reaction called?

Answer 4

Activation Energy

Question 5

What are some important properties of enzymes?

Answer 5

1. They’re a protein
2. They’re substrate specific
3. They can be used over and over again

Question 6

What group of compounds do enzymes belong to?

Answer 6

Proteins

Question 7

What are the organic substances that speed up the chemical reactions of the cell called?

Answer 7

Enzymes

Question 8

What is a pocket or groove on the surface of an enzyme in which the substrate molecules fit into called?

Answer 8

Active Site

Question 9

What name is given to an inorganic substance that speeds up a chemical reaction?

Answer 9

Catalyst

Question 10

What would happen to the chemical reactions in living cells if enzymes weren’t present?

Answer 10

They would slow dramatically (some would take up to millions of years)

Question 11

The ability to do work

Answer 11

Energy

Question 12

This is associated with motion

Answer 12

Kinetic Energy

Question 13

Stored energy

Answer 13

Potential Energy

Question 14

What reactions release energy?

Answer 14

Exergonic

Question 15

What reactions absorb energy?

Answer 15

Endergonic

Question 16

What is the cellular molecule that stores energy by adding another phosphate group?

Answer 16

ADP

“add”p

Question 17

What is the cellular molecule that releases energy by losing a phosphate group?

Answer 17

ATP

Question 18

What type of substrate binds to an allosteric site and stabilizes the shape of the enzyme so that the active sites remain open?

Answer 18

Allosteric Activator

Question 19

What type of substrate binds to an allosteric site and stabilizes the enzyme shpae so that the active sites are closed (inactive form)?

Answer 19

Allosteric Inhibitor

Question 20

Loss of order, or energy flow, results in what?

Answer 20

Death

Question 21

What must consume energy to build complex molecules?

Answer 21

Anabolic Pathways

Question 22

Cofactors are … that assist in enzyme function

Answer 22

Nonprotein Molecules

Question 23

In some reactions, the end product can act as a what to an early enzyme in the same pathway?

Answer 23

Inhibitor

Question 24

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze reactions by … activation energy

Answer 24

Lowering/reducing

Question 25

An enzyme is exposed to various treatments and then examined to see whether denaturation occured. Which treatments would likely cause an effect to the enzyme?

Answer 25

A change in salt, a change in pH, a change in temperature, chemicals

Question 26

Peptidogycan is a polymer that forms a mesh-like layer over the plasma membrane of many bacteria forming a cell wall. This peptidoglycan cell wall is formed by cross-linking the polymers, which forms a strong and rigid covering around the cell. The cross links between peptidoglycan chains is catalyzed by the enzyme transpeptidase. Penicillin is an antibiotic that can be used to treat infections with this type of bacteria. Penicillin works by covalently bonding to the active site of transpeptidase. **What best represents the type of inhibition represented in this example and the effect that it will have on the bacteria?**

Answer 26

Competitive Inhibition; Stopping formation of the cell wall

Question 27

The enzyme alpha amylase can be found in saliva and helps to start the digestion of food. In order to work optimally, calcium and chlorine ions must be bound to it. In this example, **calcium and chlorine are examples of...?**

Answer 27

Cofactors

Question 28

A reaction takes place that breaks down a protein to its amino acid monomers. What type of reaction would this be classified as?

Answer 28

Catabolic

Question 29

What is ATP composed of?

Answer 29

Adenosine - Ribose - 3 Phosphates

Question 30

Enzymes catalyze reactions by...?

Answer 30

Lowering the activiation energy

Question 31

How does the environment affect enzyme activity?

Answer 31

It can increase or decrease activity

Question 32

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 32

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it just changes form