Enzymes and Co. Flashcards
(13 cards)
def of enzyme
a protein that cuts and joins the molecules of life. A catalyst
def of substrate
reactant which bonds to enzymes
def of active site
where substrate fits into enzyme
def of activation energy
the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
What are the 4 properties of enzymes?
Reaction specific, not consumed in reaction, made of proteins, and affected by cellular conditions
Explain the graph and relationship of reaction rates of enzyme concentration
There is a positive curve in the graph but it eventually plateaus. this is because by adding more enzymes more collisions can occur, but eventually you will run out of substrates so it plateaus.
Explain the graph and relationship of reaction rates of substrate concentration
There is a positive curve but it eventually plateaus just as the enzyme concentration. Eventually there will be a larger ratio of substrates to enzymes and there won’t be a lot of collisions occurring.
Explain the graph and relationship of reaction rates of temperature
The graph has a peak where its ideal temperature is. Since temperature is a form of energy, as temp increases, collisions will also increase because there is more energy. If you overheat it though, denaturation will start to occur and the enzyme will change shape and not collide with the substrate.
Explain the graph and relationship of reaction rates of pH
Each enzyme has its own ideal pH value, so each enzyme will have its own line graph and peak area. If a certain pH is too acidic or basic for a certain enzyme, then that will cause the enzyme to change shape and not be able to interact with the substrate.
How would you maximize enzyme activity considering all of the factors discussed in class? Minimize?
You would maximize enzyme activity by allowing the temperature to be at optimal level for that enzyme and also having an optimal pH. You would minimize enzyme activity by having higher temperatures or pH levels that are not optimal. Also, by introducing inhibitors you can minimize activity.
Compare and contrast inhibition and activation of enzymes
Both inhibitors and activators change the active site of an enzyme, but inhibitors change it so they CANNOT bind whilst activators change it so it CAN bind. Also there is one type of activator, but two types of inhibitors.
True or False:
an enzyme is the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
false; that is activation energy. An enzyme is a catalyst
True or False:
every enzyme has the same optimal pH level
false; different enzymes do different tasks and they all have different optimal pH levels.
