Enzymes and food tests

Question 1

What’s the solution for sugars

Answer 1

Benedicts

Question 2

What would be the colour change when adding iodine to starch

Answer 2

Orange to blue/black

Question 3

What group is the emulsion test for

Answer 3

Lipids

Question 4

What is the enzyme for protein

Answer 4

Protease

Question 5

What are lipids broken down into

Answer 5

Glycerol/fatty acids

Question 6

What is protein broken down into

Answer 6

Amino acids

Question 7

Where is amylase produced

Answer 7

Salivary glands/pancreas

Question 8

Describe the test for proteins

Answer 8

Biuret solution added it will go from blue to purple if protein is present

Question 9

Enzyme for starch and what is it broken into

Answer 9

Amylase and maltose

Question 10

What’s the small intestines function in the digestive system

Answer 10

Absorb soluble molecules

Question 11

What is a tissue

Answer 11

A group of similar cells working together

Question 12

What’d the function of bile

Answer 12

Kill bacteria and provide optimum ph

Question 13

How does the respiratory system work

Answer 13

Air moves down the trachea into the brochi then bronchioles ending up in the alveoli where it diffuses into blood vessels

Question 14

One adaptation of alveoli

Answer 14

Large surface area

Question 15

What’s a eukaryotic cell

Answer 15

Cell with a nucleus

Question 16

What are 2 features bacteria cells have that eukaryotes don’t have

Answer 16

Plasmid- shares genetic info
Flagelum- movement

Question 17

Name a specialized cell and 2 adaptations of it

Answer 17

Sperm-many mitochondria for respiration , long tail for swimming

Nerve cell- many mitochondrial to supply energy, lots of extensions so it can connect with other cells

Muscle cells- they can store glycogen which is used in respiration, specialized proteins that allow muscles to contract

Question 18

Where may you find stem cells

Answer 18

Embryo and bone marrow

Question 19

What is osmosis

Answer 19

Diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane from high to low concentration

Question 20

What is Active transport

Answer 20

Movement of dissolved molecules in or out of a cell through the membrane from low to high concentration

Question 21

What is diffusion

Answer 21

The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 22

Explain the steps of vaccination

Answer 22

1 weakened/dead pathogen injected into body
2 wbc produce antibodies which neutralise the pathogen
3 your body stores memory cells so you remember how to produce the antibodies next time prompting your immune response

Question 23

What is a monoclonal antibody

Answer 23

Antibody specific to a pathogen

Question 24

Define a pathogen

Answer 24

A virus or other microorganism that can cause disease

Question 25

Name the 4 components of blood and their features

Answer 25

Wbc- help the body fight infection Platelets-clot blood Rbc- carry oxygen Plasma- carries nutrients, hormones etc

Question 26

What does a phagocyte do

Answer 26

Englufs the pathogen

Question 27

What are the 4 chambers of the heart

Answer 27

Atria-l/r Ventricle-l/r

Question 28

What side of the heart carries oxygenated blood

Answer 28

Left

Question 29

How may you get cvd

Answer 29

Build up of cholesterol within the heart

Question 30

2 risk factors of cancer

Answer 30

Smoking UV radiation Alcohol Random mutations during mitossi

Question 31

What's the difference between a benign and malignant tumor

Answer 31

Malignant can move through the blood stream and are almost always harmful but benign are usually not harmful and stay in one place

Question 32

What is a statin

Answer 32

Lower cholesterol level in blood

Question 33

Explain a stent

Answer 33

A small wire interested into the artery allowing blood to flow more freely

Question 34

What does it mean to have a double circulatory system

Answer 34

Oxygenated blood flows to organs and back to the heart in a continuous motion

Question 35

What's a vein and name some adaptations of them

Answer 35

Blood vessels that carry low oxygen blood to your heart Relatively thin walls as there's lower blood pressure Valves to prevent backflow of blood

Question 36

What's a capillary and name some adaptations

Answer 36

Site of blood exchange form a huge network linking arteries and veins Very thin allowing gas exchange

Question 37

What's an artery and some adaptations of them

Answer 37

Carry oxygenated blood from your heart around your body Thick walls to withstand high pressure

Question 38

Explain the process of deoxygenated blood going through the heart

Answer 38

Deoxygenated blood enters through the right atrium from the vena carva ,there is a valve that prevents backflow of blood between the atrium and ventricle, heart muscles contract and blood goes through the pulmonary artery to the lungs to become oxygenated then it comes back through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium where it's pumped to the aorta and then taken around the body

Question 39

Why do guard cells contract

Answer 39

Gas exchange

Question 40

How does the waxy cuticle stop the tissues from getting wet

Answer 40

It's waterproof

Question 41

What do guard cells open and close

Answer 41

Stomata

Question 42

What's the purpose of the palisade mesophyll

Answer 42

Maximise energy production during photosynthesis

Question 43

Factors that may affect transpiration include

Answer 43

Humidity of air- decreases rate of transpiration as it's easier for water to evaporate Temperature increases rate of transportation as it increase kinetic energy Light intensity increases rate as it increase rate of photosynthesis

Question 44

What is translocation

Answer 44

How plants absorb nutrients and sugars through the phloem

Question 45

Describe the differences between xylem and phloem

Answer 45

Phloem is the process of translocation which is carrying sugars and nutrients but xylem is transpirstion carrying water and vitamins, xylem is made of dead cells (lignin) and phloem is made of derive tubes(hollow), transpiration is only up, translocation is up and down

Question 46

Give one mineral deficiency and it's potential effects

Answer 46

Nitrogen needed for making proteins nitrogen deficiency could lead to small plant Pottasium helps enzymes works without it leaves may become discoloured Magnesium makes chlorophyll without it leaves may turn yellow

Question 47

One adaptation of capillaries

Answer 47

1 cell thick for shorter diffusion distance

Question 48

How are monoclonal antibodies produced

Answer 48

1 insert antigen into a mouse 2 the mouses immune response occurs 3 b lymphocytes are extracted from the mouse 4 they are fused with myeloma cells to form hybridoma cells

Question 49

What is the cell cycle

Answer 49

A series of events that takes place when a cell grows and divides

Question 50

What causes symptoms in bactiera

Answer 50

Production of toxins