Enzymes and Metabolism Flashcards
(17 cards)
Enzyme
A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions without being used up.
Substrate
The molecule an enzyme acts on.
Active site
The region on an enzyme where the substrate binds(связывает).
Enzyme-substrate complex
Temporary(временный) binding between enzyme and
substrate.
Activation energy
Minimum energy required for a reaction to occur.
Lock and key model
Enzyme’s active site fits the substrate exactly.
Induced for model
Enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate better
Metabolism
All chemical reactions occurring within an organism.
Anabolism
Building larger molecules from smaller ones (requires energy).
Catabolism
Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones (releases energy).
Coenzyme
A non-protein compound that helps enzymes function (e.g., vitamins).
Cofactor
A non-organic substance (e.g., metal ions) required by some enzymes.
Inhibitor
A molecule that slows down or stops enzyme activity.
Competitive inhibitor
Competes with substrate for the active site.
Non-competitive inhibitor
Binds elsewhere and changes the enzyme’s shape.
Allosteric site
A site other than the active site where a molecule can bind to change
enzyme activity.
Enzyme specificity
The concept that enzymes only work with specific substrates.
