Enzymes Less Detail

Question 1

What reaction does amylase catalyse?

Answer 1

Starch into sugar

Question 2

Where does it catalyse starch into sugar

Answer 2

In the mouth and small intestine

Question 3

Where is protease produced?

Answer 3

Stomach, pancreas and small intestine

Question 4

What reaction does protease catalyse?

Answer 4

Proteins into amino acids

Question 5

Where does protease catalyse protein into amino acids?

Answer 5

The stomach and small intestine

Question 6

Where is lipase produced?

Answer 6

Pancreas, and small intestine

Question 7

What reaction does lipase catalyse

Answer 7

Lipids (fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 8

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 8

In the saliva glands, pancreas and small intestine

Question 9

What is an enzyme?

Answer 9

Protein molecules which act as a biological catalyst it changes the rate of the chemical reaction without being affected by the reaction itself

Question 10

What is the active site?

Answer 10

The area on an enzyme where the enzyme and substrate bind.

Question 11

What’s a substrate?

Answer 11

The material on which an enzyme acts

Question 12

What can enzymes do?

Answer 12

Build large molecules from smaller ones
Change one molecule into another
Break down large molecules into smaller ones

Question 13

What are protein molecules made of?

Answer 13

Long chains of amino acids.

Question 14

What factors affect the action of an enzyme?

Answer 14

Temperatures; faster when it’s warm, more kinetic energy

pH level; some work best in acid, alkaline or neutral conditions

Question 15

What does denatured mean?

Answer 15

The active site of the enzyme changes shape so it does not fit the substrate anymore

Question 16

What conditions do protease work best in?

Answer 16

Acidic conditions, glands in the stomach produce HCL

Question 17

What conditions do amylase and lipase work best in?

Answer 17

In the small intestine, where it is slightly alkaline.

Question 18

What does bile do?

Answer 18

It is squirted into the small intestine and neutralises the stomach acid, making the conditions slightly alkaline.

Question 19

Where is bile produced and where is it stored?

Answer 19

Produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder

Question 20

What produces the enzymes used in industry?

Answer 20

Microorganisms.

Question 21

What do protease and lipase do in industry?

Answer 21

They are used in biological detergents as they digest food stains and work at lower temps, reducing energy costs

Question 22

Which enzymes pre digest baby food

Answer 22

Proteases

Question 23

What is isomerise used for?

Answer 23

Converts glucose into fructose for healthier option drinks

Question 24

What enzymes convert starch into sugar for use in foods?

Answer 24

Carbohydrases

Question 25

What are the advantages of using enzymes in industry?

Answer 25

Effective at removing stains Work at low temps, reducing costs Some Are used to diagnose, control or cure disease They can reduce cost and equipment in industry

Question 26

What are the disadvantages of using enzymes?

Answer 26

``` People may have allergic reactions Enzymes may enter sewage Enzymes can be costly to produces Enzymes denature at high temps Protease may digest wool ```

Question 27

How do digestive enzymes differ?

Answer 27

They work outside of the cells as opposed to inside

Question 28

What do proteins do in the body?

Answer 28

Catalysts - enzymes Hormones Structural components Antibodies

Question 29

What is an amino acid?

Answer 29

Are the building blocks of proteins

Question 30

What are proteins

Answer 30

Long chains of amino acids