enzymes (week 5) Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.
False
Fill in the blank: Enzymes are typically proteins, but some are made of _____ .
RNA
What is the active site of an enzyme?
The region where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
Which factor does NOT affect enzyme activity?
The color of the enzyme
What is the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?
Enzyme activity typically increases with temperature up to a certain point, beyond which it denatures.
What is a substrate?
The reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts.
True or False: Enzymes can catalyze multiple types of reactions.
False
What is enzyme specificity?
The tendency of an enzyme to catalyze a specific reaction for a particular substrate.
Fill in the blank: An enzyme’s function can be inhibited by a molecule called an _____ .
inhibitor
What is the role of cofactors in enzyme activity?
They assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions and can be metal ions or coenzymes.
What is a coenzyme?
An organic cofactor that helps enzymes function, often derived from vitamins.
Multiple choice: Which type of inhibition can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration?
Competitive inhibition
What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibition?
Competitive inhibition binds to the active site, while non-competitive inhibition binds to a different site.
True or False: Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction.
True
What is an allosteric site?
A site on the enzyme that can bind regulatory molecules, affecting enzyme activity.
Fill in the blank: The model that describes enzyme-substrate interaction is called the _____ model.
lock and key
What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?
They may denature and lose their functional shape.
What is enzyme denaturation?
The process where enzymes lose their structure and function due to external stress.
Multiple choice: Which of the following factors can denature an enzyme?
Extreme pH levels
What is the significance of enzyme kinetics?
It helps to understand the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and the effects of various factors.
True or False: Enzymes can operate in both acidic and basic environments.
True
Fill in the blank: Enzymes are sensitive to changes in _____ and _____ .
temperature; pH
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes?
They are permanently altered after the reaction.
