Enzymology Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
Classes of Enzymes
Classes 4-6 are used by ____
A
biochemists
2
Q
Enzymes and their Color Reactions
FA are titrated
A
titrimetric
3
Q
Enzymes with Isoenzymes
Chemical inhibition technique’s reagent
A
Rochelle salt
(sodium potassium tartrate)
4
Q
Creatine Kinase
CK1=CK BB?
A
brain injury
5
Q
Enzymes and their Organ Specificity
ALT’s organs
A
- liver
6
Q
What is ALT’s & AST’s old name?
A
ALT: SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase)
AST: SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase)
7
Q
Enzyme Activity Approaches
Fixed end point assay’s measurement of ALT & AST
A
Reitman Frankel Method
8
Q
Enzymes with Isoenzymes
In ACP, it is the 70% of the serum
A
PAP
9
Q
Liver Damage Profile
- ↑ ALP
- normal ALT
- normal LD
A
biliary tree damage
10
Q
Enzyme Activity Approaches
- completed reaction
- ABS is measured once
A
Fixed end point assay
11
Q
Enzyme Activity Approaches
measures ABS until it is colorless at regular intervals
A
Karmen method
12
Q
Enzymes and their Color Reactions
AST & ALT
A
- Retman Frankel Method
- Karmen Method
13
Q
Enzymes with Isoenzymes
What are the 5 isoenzymes of LD?
Enumerate their location.
A
- LD1 = LD HHHH (heart)
- LD2 = LD HHHM (heart)
- LD3 = LD HHMM (lungs)
- LD4 = LD HMMM (liver)
- LD5 = LD MMMM (liver)
14
Q
Enzyme Activity Approaches
Kinetic assay is also known as?
A
multipoint assay
15
Q
Give the full name
GGT
A
gamma-glutamyl transferase
16
Q
Enzymes and their Organ Specificity
AST’s organs
A
- heart
17
Q
Enzyme Activity Approaches
ALT is found in?
AST in found in?
A
ALT: liver tissue
AST: cardiac tissue
18
Q
Enzymes with Isoenzymes
It has 2 isoenzymes.
A
acid phosphatase (ACP)
19
Q
Normal LD1:LD2 ratio
A
0.5-0.75
20
Q
Lipase
uses lipig/triglyceride (“olive oil”)
A
Cherry-Crandall Method
21
Q
Enzymes with Isoenzymes
Isoenzymes vary in?
*There are 3 variations.
A
- properties
- molecular structure
- rate of migration
22
Q
Give the full name
ALP
A
alkaline phosphatase
23
Q
Give the full name
AMS
A
amylase
24
Q
Enzymes and their Color Reactions
ACP & ALP
A
- Bodansky Method
- King Armstrong Method
- Roy Method
25
**_Enzymes with Isoenzymes_**
inhibited by tartrate
PAP
26
True or False:
Enzyme activity is best measured at its **optimal temperature**
* 37 degrees Celsius (body temp)
True
27
**_Enzymes with Isoenzymes_**
inhibted by Cu2+
EAP
28
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
insecticide and pesticide poisoning
cholinesterase
29
Give the **myocardial infarction** profile
1. creatine kinase (CK)
2. aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
3. lactate dehydrogenase (LD)
30
**_Enzymes with Isoenzymes_**
multiple forms of the enzyme
isoenzyme
31
**_Classes of Enzymes_**
1. hydrolysis of acid phosphate esters
2. hydrolysis of starch
3. hydrolysis of lipids
1. hydrolysis of acid phosphate esters: **_acid phosphatase_**
2. hydrolysis of starch: **_amylase_**
3. hydrolysis of lipids: **_lipase_**
32
**_Enzyme Naming_**
from 3 names
(substrate + reaction catalyzed)
scientific naming
33
**_Enzymes and their Color Reactions_**
Bodansky Method uses?
beta-glycerol phosphate
34
**_Lactate Dehydrogenase_**
Which is/are increased in heart damage and liver damage separately?
* LD1 & LD2: **_↑ heart damage_**
* LD4 & LD5: **_↑ liver damage_**
35
**_Enzymes with Isoenzymes_**
In ALP, what are the 2 co-migrators?
bone & placental ALP
36
IUB stands for?
**I**nternational **U**nion of **B**iochemistry
37
**_Enzymes with Isoenzymes_**
In Chemical inhibition technique, the presence of Cu2+ indicates what?
prostate cancer
38
Type of order reaction where the speed, velocity, and rate i**ncreases twice as much**
1st order reaction
39
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
GGT's organs
* liver
40
**_Enzymes with Isoenzymes_**
better way to detect prostate cancer
Chemical inhibition technique
41
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
ALP's organs
* biliary tree
* biliary tract of liver tissue
* bones
42
**_Enzymes with Isoenzymes_**
3 isoenzymes
creatine kinase (CK)
43
**Give the full name**
CHS
cholinesterase
44
**_Creatine Kinase_**
CK2=CK MM
muscular dystrophy
45
**_Enzymes and their Color Reactions_**
gamma-glutamyl transferase
Szasz Assay
46
Give the 2 types of approaches to enzyme activity and their sub-type.
* Fixed End Point assay
* Reitman Frankel method
* Kinetic assay
* Karmen method
47
**_Classes of Enzymes_**
involved in oxidation & reduction reaction
oxidoreductase
48
**_Lactate Dehydrogenase_**
Which LD is the fastest & slowest?
* LD1: **_fastest_**
* LD5: **_slowest_**
49
It helps check damaged cells.
serum
50
**_Liver Damage Profile_**
* ↑ ALP
* ↑ ALT
* ↑ LD
liver damage
51
**_Enzyme Activity Approaches_**
Kinetic assay's method of measurement for ALT & AST
Karmen method
52
**_Enzyme: Substrate_**
creatine kinase:
lactate dehydrogenase:
aspartate aminotransferase:
creatine kinase: **_creatine_**
lactate dehydrogenase: **_lactate_**
aspartate aminotransferase: **_aspartate_**
53
never consumed and never becomes part of products;
can be recovered and resused for future chemical reactions
enzyme
54
**_Enzymes with Isoenzymes_**
What are the 5 ALP isoenzymes?
1. fast liver ALP
2. native liver ALP
3. bone ALP
4. placental ALP
5. intestinal ALP
55
What is the specimen of choice for enzyme activity?
serum
56
**_Amylase_**
Saccharogenic method:
Somogyi method:
Saccharogenic method: **_maltose_**
Somogyi method: **_glucose_**
57
**_Enzymes and their Color Reactions_**
determination of glycerol
Chemical method
58
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
LD's organs
* heart
* liver
59
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
used to diagnose cancer/tumor or myocardial infaction
aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
60
**_Enzymes and their Color Reactions_**
King Armstrong Method uses?
p-nitrophenyl phosphate
61
**_Classes of Enzymes_**
removes functional groups from the parent compound
lyase
62
**_Enzymes and their Color Reactions_**
amylase
1. Amyloclastic Method
2. Saccharogenic Method
3. Somogyi Method
63
**_Classes of Enzymes_**
Classes 1-3 are used in \_\_\_\_
disease diagnosis
64
**_Classes of Enzymes_**
transfer of functional groups
transferase
65
**Give the full name**
LPS
lipase
66
states the relationship between
**reaction velocity** & **[substrate]**
Michaelis Menten Curve
67
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
lipase's organs
* pancreas
68
**_Classes of Enzymes_**
involved in hydrolysis
hydrolase
69
increases rate of chemical reactions and cellular functions become faster
enzyme
70
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
diagnosis of heart damage
CK
71
**_Enzymes and their Color Reactions_**
Roy Method uses?
thymolphthalein monophosphate
72
**_Enzyme Activity Approaches_**
average reading is determined
Kinetic assay
73
**_Enzymes and their Color Reactions_**
lipase
* Cherry-Crandall Method
* 3 approaches:
* Titrimetric
* Turbidimetric
* Chemical method
74
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
CK's organs
* heart
75
**Give the full name**
ALT
alanine aminotransferase
76
**_Enzymes and their Color Reactions_**
cholinesterase
1. Michel Method *(acetic acid)*
2. Ellman Method *(choline)*
77
**_Enzymes with Isoenzymes_**
5 isoenzymes
* alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
* lactate dehydrogenase (LD)
78
end product of Reitman Frankel method
brown coloration
79
**Give the full name**
ACP
acid phosphatase
80
Type of order reaction where there is no change in speed, velocity, and rate.
Zero order reaction
81
depicts the relationship of enzyme substrate activity
Michaelis Menten Curve
82
**_Enzyme: Substrate_**
acid phosphatase (ACP):
alkaline phosphatase (ALP):
ACP: **_phosphate ester @ pH 5_**
ALP: **_phosphate ester @ pH 9.8_**
83
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
used to diagnose liver & bone disease
alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
84
Type of order reaction where the relationship is *not compatible* or *complementary.*
Zero order reaction
85
**_Classes of Enzymes_**
rearrangement of molecules
isomerase
86
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
diagnosis of pancreatitis
amylase & lipase
87
What happens to enzyme activity when it reaches the following temperatures:
* 60 degrees Celsius:
* 56 degrees Celsius:
* 60 degrees Celsius: _protein *degradation*_
* 56 degrees Celsius: _protein *denaturation*_
88
**Give the full name**
AST
aspartate aminotransferase
89
**Give the full name**
CK
creatine kinase
90
**_Enzyme: Substrate_**
amylase:
lipase:
cholinesterase:
amylase: **_amylum/starch_**
lipase: **_lipid (TG)_**
cholinesterase: **_acetylcholine_**
91
**_Classes of Enzymes_**
cuts out of a portion of the substances, then binds 2 molecules
ligase
92
**_Creatine Kinase_**
CK2=CK MB
myocardial infarction
93
**Give the full name**
LD
lactate dehydrogenase
94
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
diagnosis of heart and liver damage
lactate dehydrogenase
95
**_Enzymes with Isoenzymes_**
Where is CK found?
* brain
* myocardium
* skeletal muscles
96
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
cholinesterase
* liver
97
Type of reaction where the speed, velocity, and rate will **quadruple**
2nd order reaction
98
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
used for prostatic cancer diagnosis
acid phosphatase (ACP)
99
**_Enzymes and their Color Reactions_**
* TG determination
* oxidized by ***periodate*** to produce ***formaldehyde***
* ****addition of **chromotropic acid**
* **pink product**
turbidimetric
100
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
ACP's organs
* prostate
* seminal fluid
101
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
amylase's organs
* pancreas
102
**_Enzymes with Isoenzymes_**
In ACP, 30% of the serum
EAP
103
**_Enzymes with Isoenzymes_**
non-acid phosphatase & comes from RBC
30% of the serum (EAP)
104
Give the **liver damage** profile
1. alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
2. alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
3. lactate dehydrogenase (LD)
105
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
used for rape cases
acid phosphatase (ACP)
106
**_Enzyme Naming_**
derived from enzyme's outstanding characteristic
trivial naming
107
**_Enzymes and their Organ Specificity_**
diagnosis of liver damage
ALT
108
What is the factor of ALT & AST?
pyridoxine
109
**_Enzyme: Substrate_**
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)
GGT: **_y-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide_**
110
**_Enzyme Activity Approaches_**
product ABS is read as they gradually form
Kinetic assay
