ENZYMOLOGY (in Progress…)

Question 1

Population with higher ALP

Answer 1

Individuals with blood group O and B
They have higher intestinal ALP than blood group A and AB individuals

Question 2

Major indicator of hepatobilliary disorders

Answer 2

ALP

Question 3

Disease associated with elevated bone ALP

Answer 3

Paget’s disease

Question 4

Most heat stable ALP found in lung, breast, ovarian, and gynecological cancers, and are bone ALP mintigators

Answer 4

Regan ALP

Question 5

Detected in metastatic carcinoma of pleural surfaces and in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and bile duct

Answer 5

Nagao ALP

Question 6

Activators of ALP

Answer 6

Mg2 and Mn2

Question 7

ALP major isoenzymes

Answer 7

Liver
Bone
Placental
Intestinal

Question 8

Most anodal ALP isoenzyme

Answer 8

Bone and liver ALP

Question 9

Most heat stable ALP isoenzyme

Answer 9

Placental ALP

Question 10

Most heat labile ALP isoenzyme

Answer 10

Bone

Question 11

Most specific method for ALP utilizing a continuous-monitoring technique requiring a pH environment of 10.15 and should be 405 nm

Answer 11

Bowers and Mc Comb (szasz modification)

Question 12

Zinc deficiency causes this enzyme to decrease

Answer 12

ALP

Zinc is a component of ALP

Question 13

Diagnostic significance of ALP

Answer 13

Hepatobilliary and bone disorders

Question 14

Highest elevation of ALP is seen in…

Answer 14

Paget’s disease

Question 15

Increased levels seen in healing bone fractures or during periods of bone growth

Answer 15

ALP

Question 16

Major difference of ALP and ACP

Answer 16

pH of reaction

Question 17

Richest source of ACP in the body

Answer 17

Prostate

Question 18

Diagnostic significance of ACP

Answer 18

Prostatic carcinoma
Forensic CC (rape cases)
Bone diseases
Platelet damage (ITP)

Question 19

Used to monitor the success of treatment for prostatic carcinoma

Answer 19

PSA

Question 20

For investigation of rape cases in which levels will be increased for up to 4 days after the incident

Answer 20

ACP

Question 21

ACP activity that indicates the presence of seminal fluid in the sample

Answer 21

> 50 IU/L

Question 22

Present in certain chronic leukemias and some lymphomas, most notably in hairy cell leukemia

Answer 22

Tartrate-resistant ACP (TRAP)

Question 23

Increased in prostatic carcinoma, Gaucher’s disease, Niemann pick’s disease, and breast, liver, and thyroid carcinoma

Answer 23

ACP

Question 24

ACP in bone activity is associated with…

Answer 24

Osteoclasts

Question 25

ACP levels in thrombocytopenia

Answer 25

Increased

Question 26

2 isoenzyme fraction of AST

Answer 26

Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial AST

Question 27

Predominant AST isoenzyme in serum

Answer 27

Cytoplasmic AST

Question 28

In AMI, AST levels begin to rise at…

Answer 28

6-8 hours

Question 29

In AMI, AST levels peak at…

Answer 29

24 hours

Question 30

In AMI, AST levels normalize within…

Answer 30

5 days

Question 31

Old name of AST

Answer 31

SGOT or serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase

Question 32

AST levels are highest in what disorder?

Answer 32

Hepatocellular disorders

Question 33

Diagnostic significance of AST

Answer 33

Hepatocellular disorders AMI Skeletal muscle disorders Pulmonary embolism Acute pancreatitis

Question 34

First enzyme to increase in AMI

Answer 34

CK-MB

Question 35

Longest enzyme to stay in AMI

Answer 35

LD

Question 36

Old name of ALT

Answer 36

SGPT or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase

Question 37

Coenzyme of ALT

Answer 37

Pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6)

Question 38

More specific that AST for hepatocellular disorders and remain elevated longer as a result of their longer half-life

Answer 38

ALT

Question 39

Not affected by hemolysis

Answer 39

ALP

Question 40

Disease causing the highest elevation of transferase

Answer 40

Acute hepatitis

Question 41

What is De Ritis ratio?

Answer 41

ALT:AST ratio

Question 42

De Ritis ratio in acute hepatitis

Answer 42

>1.0

Question 43

Catalyzes the breakdown of starch and glycogen

Answer 43

Amylase

Question 44

Smallest enzyme

Answer 44

Amylase

Question 45

Earliest pancreatic marker

Answer 45

Amylase

Question 46

Most predominant pancreatic amylase in acute pancreatitis

Answer 46

P3 amylase

Question 47

Major tissue source of amylase

Answer 47

Acinar cells of the pancreas and salivary glands

Question 48

Enzyme increased in parotitis due to mumps

Answer 48

Amylase

Question 49

Increased amylase in blood and increased urinary excretion

Answer 49

Acute pancreatitis

Question 50

Increased plasma amylase and decreased urine amylase

Answer 50

Renal failure without acute pancreatitis

Question 51

Most specific pancreatic marker

Answer 51

Lipase

Question 52

Plasma concentrations are normal in conditions of salivary gland involvement

Answer 52

Lipase

Question 53

Reference method for lipase

Answer 53

Cherry crandal

Question 54

Substrate used in Cherry crandal method

Answer 54

50% olive oil

Question 55

Most commonly used method for lipase

Answer 55

Peroxidase coupling

Question 56

Differentiates amylase elevation as a result of pancreatic versus salivary involvement

Answer 56

Lipase

Question 57

Catalyzes the interconversion of lactic and pyruvic acid

Answer 57

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 58

Coenzyme of Lactate dehydrogenase

Answer 58

NAD

Question 59

Majority of plasma LD comes from…

Answer 59

Breakdown of erythrocytes and platelets

Question 60

Highest Lactate dehydrogenase serum levels

Answer 60

Pernicious anemia and hemolytic disorders

Question 61

LD1>LD2

Answer 61

Flipped pattern is indicative of MI and hemolytic anemia

Question 62

LD cancer markers

Answer 62

LD-2, LD-3, LD-4 Predominantly LD-3

Question 63

Lactate dehydrogenase moderately increased in acute viral hepatitis and cirrhosis and markedly increased in hepatic carcinoma and toxic hepatitis

Answer 63

LD-5

Question 64

Lactate dehydrogenase present in the heart, RBC, renal cortex

Answer 64

LD-1, -2

Question 65

Lactate dehydrogenase present in the lungs, lymphocytes, spleen, pancreas

Answer 65

LD-3

Question 66

Lactate dehydrogenase present in the liver, skeletal muscle

Answer 66

LD-5

Question 67

HHHH LDH

Answer 67

LD-1

Question 68

HHHM LDH

Answer 68

LD-2

Question 69

HHMM LDH

Answer 69

LD-3

Question 70

HMMM LDH

Answer 70

LD-4

Question 71

MMMM LDH

Answer 71

LD-5

Question 72

Lactate dehydrogenase that migrates the fastest towards an anode

Answer 72

LDH-1

Question 73

Lactate dehydrogenase that migrates the slowest towards an anode

Answer 73

LDH-5

Question 74

Lactate dehydrogenase most freq seen in pulmonary involvement and in carcinomas

Answer 74

LDH-3

Question 75

Greatest significance in the detction of hepatic disorders (intrahepatic)

Answer 75

LDH-5

Question 76

Seen in patients with arteriosclerotic cardiovascular failure

Answer 76

LD-6

Question 77

May reflect liver injury secondary to severe circulatory insufficiency

Answer 77

LD-6