EOC Vocab Flashcards
(119 cards)
0
Q
Technology
A
the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure science.
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Q
Barter-trade
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to trade by exchange of commodities rather than by the use of money.
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Q
natural rights
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right that belongs to all humans from birth, such as life, liberty, and property.
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Q
patron
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a person who provides financial support for the arts
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Q
monopoly
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complete control of a product or business be one person or group
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apprentice
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a young person learning trade from a master
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Q
martyr
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a person who suffers or die for his or her beliefs
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Q
silt
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earthy matter, fine sand, or the like carried by moving or running water and deposited as a sediment.
8
Q
plebians
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im ancient rome, members of the lower class, including farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders
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Q
artisan
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a skilled crafts person
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Q
extended family
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a kinship group consisting of a family nucleus and various relatives, as grandparents, usually living in one household and functioning as a larger unit.
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Q
ahimsa
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Hindu belief in nonviolence and reverence for all life
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Q
conservative
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disposed to preserve existing conditions, institutions, etc., or to restore traditional ones, and to limit change.
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emperor
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the male sovereign or supreme ruler of an empire
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psychology
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the science of the mind or of mental states and processes.
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Q
A.D.
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After death (of J.C) same as C.E. (Common Era)
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Karma
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Hinduism, Buddhism. action, seen as bringing upon oneself inevitable results, good or bad, either in this life or in a reincarnation: in Hinduism one of the means of reaching Brahman.
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liberal
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favorable to progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs.
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bourgeoisie
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the middle class
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Q
Desert
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a region so arid because of little rainfall that it supports only sparse and widely spaced vegetation or no vegetation at all
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Q
vernacular
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everyday language of ordinary people
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Sacrament
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sacred ritual of the Roman Catholic Church
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Q
Recant
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to withdraw or disavow (a statement, opinion, etc.), especially formally; retract.
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Q
coup d’ état
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the forcible overthrow of the government
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blitzkrieg
lightning war
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cold war
a conflict over ideological differences carried on by methods short of sustained overt military action without breaking diplomatic relations mobilization.
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B.C.
Before Christ
AKA BCE (Before Common Era)
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Philosopher
someone who seeks to understand and explain life, someone who studies philosophy.
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Chivalry
code of conduct for knights during the middle ages
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Cuneiform
in the ancient Middle East, a system of writing that used wedge-shaped marks
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pope
head of the Roman Catholic Church; in ancient Rome, bishop or Rome who claimed authority over all other bishops
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Revolution
an overthrow or repudiation and the thorough replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed.
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hieroglyphics
form of writing in which pictured called hieroglyphs represent objects, concepts, or sounds.
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Monsoon
seasonal wind that regularly blows from a certain direction for part of the year
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Democracy
government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.
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Patrician
a person of noble or high rank; aristocrat.
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serf
a person in a condition of servitude, required to render services to a lord, commonly attached to the lord's land and transferred with it from one owner to another.
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Theocracy
a form of government in which God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, the God's or deity's laws being interpreted by the ecclesiastical authorities.
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Tyrant
a sovereign or other ruler who uses power oppressively or unjustly.
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kamikaze
(during World War II) a member of a special corps in the Japanese air force charged with the suicidal mission of crashing an aircraft laden with explosives into an enemy target, especially a warship.
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Enpire
a group of nations or peoples ruled over by an emperor, empress, or other powerful sovereign or government
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acropolis
the citadel or high fortified area of an ancient Greek city.
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Colony
a group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation.
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Reparation
Usually, reparations. compensation in money, material, labor, etc., payable by a defeated country to another country or to an individual for loss suffered during or as a result of war.
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sociology
the science of sociaty, social instuitions, and relationship
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pharoh
a title of an ancient Egyptian king.
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secular
of or relating to worldly things or to things that are not regarded as religious, spiritual, or sacred; temporal: secular interests.
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monotheism
the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.
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geocentric
having or representing the earth as a center: a geocentric theory of the universe.
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economics
the science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, or the material welfare of humankind
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divine right
the doctrine that the right of rule derives directly from God, not from the consent of the people.
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nuclear family
a social unit composed of two parents and one or more children.
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polytheism
belief in multiple gods
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legislature
a deliberative body of persons, usually elective, who are empowered to make, change, or repeal the laws of a country or state; the branch of government having the power to make laws, as distinguished from the executive and judicial branches of government.
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mercenary
a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army.
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alphabet
any such system for representing the sounds of a language: the phonetic alphabet.
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militarism
a strong military spirit or policy.
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glastnost
the declared public policy within the Soviet Union of openly and frankly discussing economic and political realities: initiated under Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985.
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heliocentric
measured or considered as being seen from the center of the sun.
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civilization
an advanced state of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, industry, and government has been reached.
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matrilineal
inheriting or determining descent through the female line.
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tithe
Sometimes, tithes. the tenth part of agricultural produce or personal income set apart as an offering to God or for works of mercy, or the same amount regarded as an obligation or tax for the support of the church, priesthood, or the like.
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middle passage
the part of the Atlantic Ocean between the west coast of Africa and the West Indies: the longest part of the journey formerly made by slave ships.
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history
the chronological record of significant events
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genocide
the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group.
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nirvana
freedom from the endless cycle of personal reincarnations, with their consequent suffering, as a result of the extinction of individual passion, hatred, and delusion: attained by the Arhat as his goal but postponed by the Bodhisattva.
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capitalism
an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especially as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth.
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predestination
the decree of God by which certain souls are foreordained to salvation.
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propoganda
information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.
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citizen
a native or naturalized member of a state or nation who owes allegiance to its government and is entitled to its protection
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society
an organized group of persons associated together for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes.
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fascism
a tendency toward or actual exercise of strong autocratic or dictatorial control and brutality mandate
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culture
the quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits, etc.
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guild
an organization of persons with related interests, goals, etc., especially one formed for mutual aid or protection.
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fief
a fee or feud held of a feudal lord; a tenure of land subject to feudal obligations.
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politics
the science or art of political government.
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social contract
an agreement for mutual benefit between an individual or group and the government or community as a whole.
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feudalism
the feudal system, or its principles and practices.
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humanism
any system or mode of thought or action in which human interests, values, and dignity predominate
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Nazis
members of the German fascist party controlling Germany from 1939 to 1945 under Adolf Hitler
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Racism
a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human racial groups determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that one's own race is superior and has the right to dominate others or that a particular racial group is inferior to the others.
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Inflataion
a persistent, substantial rise in the general level of prices related to an increase in the volume of money and resulting in the loss of value of currency
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Impressionists
a person who follows or adheres to the theories, methods, and practices of impressionism, especially in the fields of painting, music, or literature.
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Nazism
the body of the political snd economic doctrines help and put into effect by the National Socialist German Workers Party in the Third German Reich including totalitarian principle of government, state control of all industry, predominance of groups assumed to racially superior and supremacy of the fuehrer
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Perestroika
Russian. the program of economic and political reform in the Soviet Union initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1986.
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common law
the law administered through the system of courts established for the purpose, as distinct from equity or admiralty.
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social gospel
a movement in America, chiefly in the early part of the 20th century, stressing the social teachings of Jesus and their applicability to public life.
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proletarian
(in ancient Rome) belonging to the lowest or poorest class of the people.
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urbanization
the act or fact of urbanizing, or taking on the characteristics of a city
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interchangeable parts
capable of being put or used in the place of each other: interchangeable symbols.
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corporation
an association of individuals, created by law or under authority of law, having a continuous existence independent of the existences of its members, and powers and liabilities distinct from those of its members.
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women's suffrage
the right of women to vote; female suffrage.
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romanticism
the Romantic style or movement in literature and art, or adherence to its principles
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realism
interest in or concern for the actual or real, as distinguished from the abstract, speculative, etc.
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urban renewal
the rehabilitation of city areas by renovating or replacing dilapidated buildings with new housing, public buildings, parks, roadways, industrial areas, etc., often in accordance with comprehensive plans.
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depotism
absolute power or control; tyranny.
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confucianism
the system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.
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daoism
Daoism, also known as Taoism, is an organised religious tradition that has been continuously developing and transforming itself through China, Korea and Japan for some two thousand years.
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legalism
strict adherence, or the principle of strict adherence, to law or prescription, especially to the letter rather than the spirit.
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hinduism
the common religion of India, based upon the religion of the original Aryan settlers as expounded and evolved in the Vedas, the Upanishads, the Bhagavad-Gita, etc., having an extremely diversified character with many schools of philosophy and theology, many popular cults, and a large pantheon symbolizing the many attributes of a single god. Buddhism and Jainism are outside the Hindu tradition but are regarded as related religions.
100
Judaism
the monotheistic religion of the Jews, having its ethical, ceremonial, and legal foundation in the precepts of the Old Testament and in the teachings and commentaries of the rabbis as found chiefly in the Talmud.
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Calvinism
the doctrines and teachings of John Calvin or his followers, emphasizing predestination, the sovereignty of God, the supreme authority of the Scriptures, and the irresistibility of grace.
102
Renaissance
the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.
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utilitarianism
the ethical doctrine that virtue is based on utility, and that conduct should be directed toward promoting the greatest happiness of the greatest number of persons.
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Impressionism
Impressionism is a 19th-century art movement that originated with a group of Paris-based artists. Their independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s.
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Communism
a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.
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Secularism
secular spirit or tendency, especially a system of political or social philosophy that rejects all forms of religious faith and worship.
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capitalism
an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especially as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth.
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socialism
a theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole.
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absolutism
the principle or the exercise of complete and unrestricted power in government.
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Authoritarianism
favoring complete obedience or subjection to authority as opposed to individual freedom
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Imprrialism
the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.
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reformation
the religious movement in the 16th century that had for its object the reform of the Roman Catholic Church, and that led to the establishment of the Protestant churches.
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nationalism
proud of your nation
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industrialism
an economic organization of society built largely on mechanized industry rather than agriculture, craftsmanship, or commerce.
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social
of or relating to human society, especially as a body divided into classes according to status
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political
of, relating to, or concerned with politics
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geographical
relating to geography
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economical
relating to the economy
