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EOC VOCAB Flashcards

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1
Q

1870s-1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the currupt politics and growing gap between the rich and the power
Technological (second industry) revolution
Based on steel, railroads, electricity, oil-based products

A

Gilded Age

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2
Q

He was an American inventor that created the telephone

A

Alexander Graham Bell

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3
Q

American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures

A

Thomas Edison

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4
Q

An economic system in which people are free to operate their businesses as they see fit, with little government interference

A

Free enterprise system

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5
Q

No government intervention in business

A

Laissez-Faire

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6
Q

A business that is owned by many investors

A

Corporation

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7
Q

A process for making steel more efficiently, patented in 1856

A

Bessemer Process

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8
Q

Accepting the risk of starting and running a business

A

Entrepreneurship

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9
Q

A market in which there are many buyers but only one seller

A

Monopoly

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10
Q

A business man that increased his power by gaining control of many different businesses that make up all phases of steel production development

A

Andrew Carnegie

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11
Q

Creator of Standard Oil Company who made a fortnite on it and joined with competing companies in trust agreements that in other words made a monopoly

A

John Rockerfeller

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12
Q

A negative term for business leaders that implied they built their fortunes by stealing from the public

A

Robber Baron

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13
Q

Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in the cities. A boss leads the machine and attempts to grab more votes for his party

A

Political Machines

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14
Q

Representative for or head of the political machine; gained votes for their parties by doing favors for people

A

Political Boss

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15
Q

The push factor involves a force which acts to drive people away from a place and the pull factor is what draws them to a new locations

A

Push and Pull factors

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16
Q

US citizens who opposed immigrations b/c they were suspicious of immigrants and feared losing jobs to them

A

Nativists

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17
Q

Children were viewed as laborers throughout the 19th century. Many children worked on farms, small businesses, mills and factories

A

Child Labor

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18
Q

An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members

A

Labor Union

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19
Q

Times when workers refuse to work until owners improve conditions

A

Strikes

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20
Q

A notion held by nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific

A

Manifest Destiny

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21
Q

1862 - provided free land in the west as long as the person would settle there and make improvements in five years

A

Homestead Act

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22
Q

Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah. It linked the eastern railroad system with California’s railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west

A

Transcontinental Railroad

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23
Q

An immigrant receiving station that opened in 1892, where immigrants were given a medical examination and only allowed in if they were healthy

A

Ellis Island

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24
Q

A building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little sanitation aloe safety

A

Tenement

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25
Made appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based off candidates performance on an exam
Pendleton Civil Service Act
26
1882 - Denied any additional Chinese Laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate
Chinese Exclusion Act
27
Time at the turn of the 20th century in which groups sought to reform American economically, socially, and politically
Progressive Era
28
US lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee High school
William Jennings Bryan
29
Third party political nonevent to address farmers’ plight
Populists
30
Cause to acquire and conform to American characteristics. For native Americans and Immigrants
Americanization
31
A policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs
Assimilation
32
26th president of the US, known for conservation, trust-bearing, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, “Square Deal”, Panama Canal
Theodore Roosevelt
33
Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerated the mews to create sensations and attract readers
Yellow Journalism
34
Yellow Journalism, imperialism, Spain brutality to the Cubans, explosion of the USS Maine
Causes of the Spanish American War
35
In 1898, a conflict between the US and Spain, in which the US supported the Cubans’ fights for independence
Spanish American War
36
Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam became territories of the US. US became a world power
Result of Spanish American War
37
A policy proposed by US in 1899x under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China
Open Door Policy
38
A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially and economically
Imperialism
39
A ship canal 40 miles long across the Istmus of Panama built by the US (1904-1914)
Panama Canal
40
Foreign Policy idea by Taft to make countries dependent on the US by heavily investing in their economies
Dollar Diplomacy
41
First US law to limit trusts and big business. Said that any trust that was purposefully restraining interstate trade was illegal
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
42
Law passed to regulate railroad and other interstate businesses
Interstate Commerce Act
43
Also known as the “Bull Moose Party”, this political party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt in an attempt to advance progressive ideas and unseat President William Howard Taft in the election of 1912
Progressive Party
44
People have the right to propose a new law
Initiative
45
A law passed by the legislature can be refrence to the people for approval/veto
Referendum
46
The people can petition and vote to have an elected offical removed from office. These all made elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific
Recall
47
Muckraker who shocked the nation when he published THE JUNGLE, a novel about gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen
Upton Sinclair
48
The act that prohibited the manufacture, sale or shipment of impure or falsely labels food and drugs
Pure Food and Drug Act
49
A 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply
Federal Reserve Act
50
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
18th Amendment
51
Amendment to the US Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections
19th Amendment
52
Key leader of woman suffrage movement, social reformer who campaigned for women’s rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association
Susan B. Anthony
53
Supreme Court case that ruled that desperate-but-equal facilities for blacks and whites did not violate the constitution
Plessy v. Ferguson
54
Believed that African American should strive for full rights immediately; founded the NAACP
W.E.B Du Bois
55
1. A system of alliances discuss Europe into two parts 2. Nationalism was very prevalent in the countries of Europe 3. Militarism or reliance on military strength 4. Imperialism and the conquering of countries in Asia, South America, and Africa 5. The assassination of Archduke Fracis Ferdinand by the Black Hand US Entry in WWI - 1915: Lusitania sunk by Germans (killed 125 Americans), President wilson sent ultimatum to Germans, they changed but reverted back to their ways in 1917. Zimmerman Telegram in 1917 was a trigger, then US declared war on Germany
Causes of WWI
56
Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men form ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft
Selective Service Act
57
Fighting with trenches, mines and barbed wire. Horrible living conditions, great slaughter, no gains, stalemate, used in WWI
Trench Warfare
58
General of the American Expeditionary Force in WWI
General John J. Pershing
59
Airplanes, poisonous gas, tanks, machine guns, zeppelins, flamethrowers, barbed wire, submarines
WWI Technology
60
A series of proposals in which US President Woodrow Wilson outlines a plan for achieving a lasting peace after WWI
Fourteen Points
61
The treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied Powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans
Treaty of Versailles
62
A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the US never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946
League of Nations
63
movement of over 300,000 African Americans from the rural south into northern cities between 1915 and 1920
Great Migration
64
Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause
Propaganda
65
1918 law that made it illegal to criticize the govt
Sedition Act
66
A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs
Isolationism
67
A social/political movement designed to prevent a socialist/communist/radical movement in this country by finding radicals incarcerating them, deporting them, and subverting their activities
Red Scare
68
19th century belief that evolutionary ideas theorized by Charles Darwin could be applied to society
Social Darwinism
69
Stands for Ku Klux Klan and started right after the Civil Warin 1866. Revived in the 1920s
KKK
70
African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa
Marcus Garvey
71
Nickname for the 1920s because of the booming economy and fast pace of life during that era
Roaring Twenties
72
American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents
Henry Ford
73
In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of that product
Assembly line
74
A type of credit granted by retailers that is used by individuals or families for satisfaction of their own wants
Consumer Credit
75
A style of dance music popular in the 1920s
Jazz
76
A period in the 1920s when African American achievements in art and music and literature flourished
Harlem Renaissance
77
The period from 1930 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the US by a constitutional amendment
Prohibition
78
Carefree young women with short, bobbed hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new liberated women of the 1920s
Flapper
79
Completed the first non-stop solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, traveling from New York to Paris
Charles Lindbergh

US History (4 decks)

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