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Peds Rotation > EOR 2 pharm part 2 > Flashcards

EOR 2 pharm part 2 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Common indications for Advair

A

Long-term maintenance tx of asthma, COPD

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2
Q

MOA of Advair

A

Fluticasone is a corticosteroid that has extremely potent vasoconstrictive and anti-inflammatory activity
Salmeterol relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by selective action on beta2-receptors with little effect on heart rate

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3
Q

Common adverse effects of Advair

A 
Upper resp tract infection
Pharyngitis
HA
Sinusitis
Bronchitis
Rash
Angioedema
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4
Q

BBW of Advair

A

LABA such as salmeterol may increase risk of asthma-related death

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5
Q

Drug interactions of Advair

A 
Corticosteroids
Sympathomimetics
TCA
MAOI
All of the above may increase toxicity
BBs may decrease the effectiveness of salmeterol
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6
Q

Major counseling points of Advair

A

Avoid contact with eyes
Rinse mouth after use
Not intended for immediate relief of sx
Use on a regular basis for full effect

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7
Q

Monitoring for Advair

A

PFT
Proper technique/medication adherence
S/sx of asthma/COPD

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8
Q

Common indications for albuterol

A

Relief of bronchospasm with reversible obstructive airway dz
Prevention of exacerbations of bronchospasm
Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm

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9
Q

MOA of albuterol

A

Catalyzes the formation of cAMP which can cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

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10
Q

Common adverse effects of albuterol

A

HTN
Tachycardia
Dizziness
Pharyngitis

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11
Q

Clinically sig drug interactions with albuterol

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors may increase the toxicity of this medication

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12
Q

Major counseling points for albuterol

A

Do not take more frequently than recommended
Shake the canister well before each inhalation
Clean mouthpiece at least once a week.

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13
Q

Monitoring for albuterol

A

Proper technique
FEV1
Peak flow
Improvement in resp sx

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14
Q

Common indications for oxycodone

A

Moderate to severe pain

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15
Q

MOA of oxycodone

A

Binds to opiate receptors int the CNS causing inhibition of ascending pain pathway

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16
Q

Common adverse effects of oxycodone

A

Constipation
Somnolence
Drowsiness
Dizziness

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17
Q

Renal or hepatic dose adjustments in oxycodone

A

Use with caution in hepatic impairment

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18
Q

BBW for oxycodone

A

Resp depression

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19
Q

Drug interactions with oxycodone

A

Other CNS depressants and alcohol enhance activity of oxycodone
Increased risk of CNS related side effects with benzodiazepines

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20
Q

Monitoring for oxycodone

A

Pain control
Abuse
Misuse
Constipation

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21
Q

MOA of alprazolam

A

Facilitates the inhibitory neurotransmitter action of GABA in pre- and post-synapse

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22
Q

Common adverse effects of alprazolam

A

Drowsiness

Xerostomia

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23
Q

Renal or hepatic dosage adjustments for alprazolam

A

Caution in advanced liver disease

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24
Q

Drug interactions with alprazolam

A

Taking other CNS depressants along with alprazolam can increase drowsiness and risk of respiratory depression

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25
Major counselling for alprazolam
``` May cause drowsiness Avoid taking with alcohol May be habit-forming XR tablets should be swallowed whole This med should not be abruptly d/c-ed ```
26
Common indications of statins
HLD Hypertriglyceridemia Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular dz
27
MOA of statins
Inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase Results in an increase in the expression of LDL receptors on hepatocyte membranes and a stimulation of LDL catabolism Also has an effect on total cholesterol and Apo-B, as well as a minor increase in HDL
28
Common adverse effects of statins
``` CP HA N/V/D Rash Myalgia ```
29
Renal or hepatic dosage adjustments in statins
Do not use in active liver dz, renal impairment adjust dose
30
Drug interactions with statins
Gemfibrozil, erythromycin or immunosuppressive coadministration will likely cause rhabdo or myopathy Grapefruit juice
31
Counseling for statins
Contact doc if muscle pain or tenderness Maintain low-fat diet NSAIDs and Tylenol are not acceptable forms of pain relief for myalgia Limit sun exposure due to photosensitivity Limit alcohol intake
32
Common indications for montelukast
Prophylaxis and chronic tx of asthma in adults and children 2 yrs of age and older Relief of seasonal rhinitis and perennial allergic rhinitis Prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
33
MOA of montelukast
Selective leukotriene receptor antagonist that inhibits the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor
34
Common adverse effects of montelukast
``` HA Influenza Cough Abd pain Dyspepsia Dizziness ```
35
Drug interactions with montelukast
Phenobarbital may increase metabolism | May decrease the metabolism of paclitaxel, rosiglitazone, and repaglinide
36
Counseling for montelukast
Indicated for chronic tx of asthma and should be taken regularly even when the pt is asymptomatic Not intended to treat asthmatic attacks Singulair granules can be given either directly in the mouth or mixed with a spoonful of soft food
37
Monitoring for montelukast
FEV1 Peak flow Unusual changes in mood Improvement of s/sx of asthma
38
Indications for meloxicam
OA | RA
39
MOA of meloxicam
Inhibits cyclooxygenase resulting in a decreased biosynthesis of prostaglandins
40
Adverse effects of meloxicam
``` Abd pain Diarrhea Dyspepsia Flatulence Nausea ```
41
Renal or hepatic dosage adjustments for meloxicam
Caution with sig renal and hepatic impairment
42
BBW for meloxicam
Use is contraindicated for tx of perioperative pain the setting of CABG Associated with increased risk of adverse cardio thrombotic events (MI, stroke) Increased risk of GI irritation, inflammation, ulceration, bleeding,a nd perforation
43
Drug interactions with meloxicam
Increased risk of bleed in pts taking warfarin and other NSAIDs Chronic use with NSAIDs and SSRIs/SNRIs increases risk of GI bleeds
44
Counseling for meloxicam
Avoid alcohol and concomitant use of other NSAIDs | May require up to 2 wks to see noticeable improvement in arthritic conditions
45
Monitoring for meloxicam
Improvement in inflammation/pain
46
Common indications for trazodone
Depression | Insomnia
47
MOA of trazodone
Inhibits serotonin uptake in the brain
48
Adverse effects of trazodone
``` Drowsiness Dry mouth Hypotension Dizziness Fatigue Confusion Nightmares ```
49
BBW for trazodone
Antidepressants increase risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults with major depressive disorder or other psychiatric d/os
50
Drug interactions with trazodone
Alcohol and other CNS depressants may potentiate drowsiness May increase effectiveness of phenytoin Grapefruit juice may increase plasma levels CYP3A4 inhibitors may decrease metabolism of trazodone Chronic use with NSAIDs and SSRIs/SNRIs increases risk of GI bleeds
51
Counseling points of trazodone
Take with food to enhance absorption May cause drowsiness- use caution when operating machinery/driving Avoid alcohol while taking this medication Stop taking this drug and seek medical attention in the event of prolonged penile erection Store in cool dry place away from kids and sunlight If dose is missed, skip it and return to nl dosing schedule
52
Monitoring parameters of trazodone
Improvement of sleep/mood | Unusual mood changes or suicidal thought
53
Common indications for Coumadin
Prophylaxis or tx of pulmonary embolism or venous thrombosis Treatment of a fib with embolization Adjunct in tx of coronary occlusion
54
MOA of Coumadin
Antagonizes synthesis of vit K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as proteins C and S
55
Adverse effects of Coumadin
Bleeding Bruising Nausea Diarrhea
56
Renal or hepatic adjustments for Coumadin
No definitive adjustments- monitor INR closely in renal and hepatic impairment
57
BBW for Coumadin
May cause major or fatal bleeding
58
Drug interactions of Coumadin
Enhanced anticoag effects with alcohol, allopurinol, amiodarine, adrenocortical steroids, cimetidine, disulfiram, erythromycin, metronidazole, salicylates, Bactrim/Septra, and thyroid medications Decreased anticoag effects with carbamazepine, cholesyramine, rifampin, and vit K
59
Counseling of Coumadin
Take only as directed Avoid alcohol and aspirin-containing drugs Do not begin or d/c other medications without first consulting your physician Store in a cool dry place away from kids and sunlight If dose is missed, take it as soon as possible If it is closer to the time of your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume nl dosing schedule- do not double doses Be consistent with the amount of green leafy vegetables eaten
60
Monitoring of Coumadin
INR Bruising S/sx of bleeding

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