EOY Exam

Question 1

Ion

Answer 1

An atom that has lost or gained electrons.
* Metals loose electrons and form positive ions.
* Non metals gain electrons and form negative ions.
(And atom that has become charged)

Question 2

Bond

Answer 2

A force of attraction that holds atoms/ions together.

Question 3

Electrostatic force

Answer 3

The strong force of attraction between positive and negative ions.

Question 4

Cations

Answer 4

Positive ions

Question 5

Anions

Answer 5

Negative ions

Question 6

Ionic bonding

Answer 6

The strong electromagnetic force of attraction between cations (+) and anions (-).

Question 7

Atomic number

Answer 7

Number of protons / electrons

Question 8

Atomic mass number

Answer 8

Number of neutrons and protons.

Question 9

Ionic lattices

Answer 9

Ionic compounds are made up of ions arranged in regular structures tightly packed with a repeating pattern or alternating (+) and (-) ions.

Question 10

No oxygen present

Answer 10

‘ide’

Question 11

Oxygen present

Answer 11

‘ate’

Question 12

Ammonium (ion formula)

Answer 12

NH₄⁺

Question 13

Carbonate (ion formula)

Answer 13

CO₃²⁻

Question 14

Sulphate (ion formula)

Answer 14

SO₄²⁻

Question 15

Nitrate

Answer 15

NO₃4⁻

Question 16

Fluoride

Answer 16

F⁻

Question 17

Chloride

Answer 17

Cl⁻

Question 18

Bromide

Answer 18

Br⁻

Question 19

Oxide

Answer 19

O²⁻

Question 20

Sulphide

Answer 20

S²⁻

Question 22

Phosphide

Answer 22

P3⁻

Question 23

Properties of ionic compounds
(Ionic lattice)

Answer 23

• High melting and boiling points.
• Not conducting electricity or heat.
• Brittle
• Soluble in water

Question 24

Brittle ionic lattice

Answer 24

The ionic lattice breaks when force is applied, because the arrangement of positive and negative ions changes and the positive and negative ions repel each other.

Question 25

Soluble in water (ionic lattice)

Answer 25

(Dissolves in water) When ionic compounds are dissolved (in solution) the ions can move and conduct electricity.

Question 26

Where do covalent bonds exist?

Answer 26

Between non-metals e.g. C, H, O, N, S, halogens

Question 27

Covalent compounds

Answer 27

Molecular substances. Groups of atoms: * That don't form lattices * Are held together by covalent bonds.

Question 28

How are covalent bonds formed?

Answer 28

They are formed by atoms of non-metals sharing electrons from their outer shells.

Question 29

1 covalent bond =

Answer 29

= 1 pair of shared electrons

Question 30

What do group 7 form

Answer 30

The halogens form di-atomic molecules.

Question 31

What is a molecule

Answer 31

A group of atoms bonded by covalent bonds.

Question 32

Monomers

Answer 32

Simple molecules that can be joined in a chain.

Question 33

Polymer

Answer 33

A chain of repeating units, all chemically bonded.

Question 34

What are the forces between simple molecules?

Answer 34

Weak intermolecular forces of attraction.

Question 35

What are the forces between the molecules of polymer chains?

Answer 35

Many weak inter-molecular forces of attraction along the length of the molecules.

Question 36

What are the properties of simple molecules?

Answer 36

* low melting and boiling points * poor conductor of electricity * often a gas or liquid at room temperature

Question 37

What are the properties of polymer chains?

Answer 37

* poor conductor of electricity * solid at room temperature

Question 38

Why are both simple molecules and polymers poor conductors of electricity?

Answer 38

There are no charge carriers (electrons) that are free to move.

Question 39

Examples of simple molecules

Answer 39

* CO2 * H2O * CH4 * H2 * O2 * Halogens

Question 40

Example of polymer

Answer 40

Plastic

Question 41

Where is the word allotropes from?

Answer 41

The Greek word for "other forms"

Question 42

What are allotropes of carbon?

Answer 42

Different arrangements of large numbers of atoms covalently bonded to each other

Question 43

What happens to carbon atoms in graphite?

Answer 43

* They form 3 covalent bonds * Arranged in hexagons * In parallel layers

Question 44

How many bonds are there in diamonds?

Answer 44

4

Question 45

Nanotubes

Answer 45

* Carbon atoms with 3 covalent bonds * they form a cylinder (tube shape) * resistant * high melting and boiling points * conducts electricity

Question 46

Buckminster fullerenes

Answer 46

* carbon atoms with 3 covalent bonds * they form a sphere (small radius) * formula = C60 * low melting and boiling point due to weak intermolecular forces

Question 47

Graphine

Answer 47

Consists of carbon atoms in a single layer forming large sheets * one atom thick = light weight * free (delocalised) electrons (conduct electricity)

Question 48

Properties of metals

Answer 48

* Solids * Malleable * Good conductors of electricity * High density * High melting and boiling points * Shiny and grey (except copper)

Question 49

Properties of non-metals

Answer 49

* Mainly gases * Brittle * Usually don't conduct electricity * Low density * Low melting and boiling points * Dull (not shiny, colour varies)

Question 50

Metallic bonding

Answer 50

The strong electrostatic force of attraction between the positive metal ions and the negative delocalised ions.