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Biology Revision > EOY KS3 B1-B4 > Flashcards

EOY KS3 B1-B4 Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

What is an organism?

A

A living thing.

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2
Q

What is a unicellular organism?

A

An organism made of only one cell.

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3
Q

What is a multicellular organism?

A

An organism made of more than one cell.

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4
Q

What is a cell?

A

The basic building block of all life.

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5
Q

What is a sub-cellular structure?

A

A small part of a cell with a specific function. (Job)

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6
Q

Name four sub-cellular structures found in all types of cells.

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material and ribosomes.

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7
Q

Name five sub-cellular structures found in animal cells.

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria, nucleus

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8
Q

Name eight sub-cellular structures found in plant cells.

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria, nucleus, chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole

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9
Q

Which sub-cellular structures are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

A

Chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole

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10
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

To allow chemical reactions to take place

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11
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

To allow respiration to take place

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12
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

To allow proteins to be made

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13
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

To support the cell

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14
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

To keep the cell rigid

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15
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

A

To allow photosynthesis to take place

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16
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

To control the activities of the cell and contains the DNA

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17
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

To control what substances enter and leave the cell

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18
Q

What word do we use to describe how much bigger microscopes make things look?

A

Magnification

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19
Q

What word do we use to describe how big something really is?

A

Actual Size

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20
Q

What word do we use to describe how big something looks through a microscope?

A

Image Size

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21
Q

What is the equation for working out image size?

A

Image size = actual size × magnification

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22
Q

What is the difference between magnification and focus?

A

Magnification makes the image appear bigger, focus makes the image clearer

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23
Q

Name six common sub-cellular structures found in bacterial cells.

A

Cell membrane, cell wall, genetic material, ribosomes, slime capsule, flagellum

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24
Q

In bacteria, what is the function of the flagellum?

A

To allow the cell to move

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25
Name six common sub-cellular structures found in yeast cells
Cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, vacuole
26
What is diffusion?
The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
27
In cells, what two factors affect the rate of diffusion?
Temperature, cell surface area
28
How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?
As temperature increases, the rate of diffusion increases
29
How does cell surface area affect the rate of diffusion?
As cell surface area increases, the rate of diffusion increases
30
Name two specialised animal cells.
Red blood cell, muscle cell (other examples: sperms cell, nerve cell, ciliated cell, white blood cell)
31
What is the function of a red blood cell?
To carry oxygen around the body
32
Give two adaptations of a red blood cell.
No nucleus, bioconcave shape
33
Give two reasons why a red blood cell has a bioconcave shape.
Easier to move through blood vessels; increases the surface area
34
What is the function of a muscle cell?
Contracts and moves things (e.g. bones, food)
35
Give one adaptation of a muscle cell.
Many mitochondria for energy to contract
36
Give two examples of specialised cells in plants.
Root hair cell, palisade cell
37
What is the function of a root hair cell?
To absorb water (and nutrients) from the soil
38
Give two ways in which a root hair cell is specialised for its function.
Large extension, no chloroplasts
39
What is the function of a palisade cell?
To carry out a lot of photosynthesis
40
Give one way in which a palisade cell is specialised to its function.
Many chloroplasts
41
What are the four functions of a skeleton ?
Support for the body, movement, protection of vital organs, making and storage of blood cells
42
In the skeleton, what is a joint?
Where two bones meet
43
What is a ligament?
Tissue that connects bone to bone
44
Why are bones covered by cartilage?
To stop them rubbing together
45
What is the function of the synovial fluid?
To reduce friction when bones move within a joint
46
What is a muscle?
Tissue that contracts and relaxes
47
What is the function of muscles?
To bring about movement
48
Name the three main types of muscle
Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle
49
Where is smooth muscle found in the body?
Walls of hollow organs (e.g. intestines, stomach)
50
Where is cardiac muscle found in the body?
Heart
51
Where is skeletal muscle found in the body?
Covers the skeleton
52
What is a tendon?
Tissue that connects muscle to bone
53
What are antagonistic muscles?
Muscle pairs that oppose the action of each other
54
Name an example of a pair of antagonistic muscles.
Biceps and Triceps
55
What do muscles do to bones when they contract?
Exert a force on the bones
56
What is the function of a nerve cell?
To send electrical signals around the body
57
How is a nerve cell adapted to its function?
Long cell body (axon); lots of connections to other cells (dendrites)
58
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells working together
59
What is an organ?
A group of different tissues working together
60
What is an organ system?
A group of different organs working together
61
Name two organ systems
Digestive, respiratory (reproductive, nervous, circulatory)
62
Which specialised cells make up nervous tissue?
Nerve cells
63
Name the seven major components of a healthy human diet.
Carbohydrates, Fats and oils, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Fibre and Water
64
Why do we need carbohydrates in our diet?
To provide energy
65
Why do we need fats and oils in our diet?
For energy storage and insulation
66
Why do we need proteins in our diet?
For growth and repair of cells and tissues.
67
Why do we need vitamins in our diet?
Important for body processes and general health
68
Why do we need minerals in our diet?
Needed to make blood, bones, etc
69
Why do we need fibre in our diet?
Bulks up food to allow it to pass easily through the digestive system
70
Why do we need water in our diet?
For chemical reactions and transporting substances
71
Name two major factors that affect our energy requirements
Age and amount of exercise done
72
What is a deficiency disease?
A disease caused by lacking a component of a healthy diet
73
What does underweight mean?
When a person has a low body weight
74
What is the cause of being underweight?
A diet in which less energy is taken in than is used by the body
75
What are the symptoms of being underweight
Tiredness, headaches, dry skin and teeth problems
76
What is obesity?
A disease in which a person has a lot of body fat
77
What is the cause of obesity?
A diet in which more energy is taken in than is used by the body
78
Name three effects of obesity
Increased risk of type two diabetes, heart disease and cancer
79
What is anaemia?
When a person does not make enough red blood cells
80
What is the cause of anaemia?
Lack of iron
81
What are the symptoms of anaemia?
Tiredness, lack of energy, shortness of breath
82
What is the function of the mouth?
Breaks down food into smaller pieces
83
What is an enzyme?
A protein that speeds up chemical reactions
84
What is the function of saliva?
Contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates and softens food
85
What is the function of the stomach?
Churns food; contains stomach acid and enzymes that break down food further
86
What is the role of stomach acid?
Kills bacteria in food ## Footnote Stomach acid also aids in the digestion of proteins.
87
What is the function of the pancreas?
Produces digestive enzymes ## Footnote The pancreas plays a vital role in digesting fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
88
What is the function of the small intestine?
Digests and absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream ## Footnote The small intestine is where most digestion and nutrient absorption occurs.
89
What is the purpose of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
Increase the internal surface area for greater absorption ## Footnote Villi and microvilli enhance the efficiency of nutrient absorption.
90
Where is bile produced?
Liver ## Footnote Bile is important for the digestion and absorption of fats.
91
What is the function of the large intestine?
Absorbs water from digested food back into the body
92
What are the functions of gut bacteria?
To digest some carbohydrates, reduce the chance of harmful bacteria causing diseases and provide vitamins B and K
93
How do gut bacteria protect against harmful bacteria?
By competing with them
94
Why are some bacteria harmful to humans?
They release toxins
95
What is the respiratory system?
A system that allows air to pass in and out of the body
96
In the respiratory system, what is ventilation?
The movement of gases into and out of the lungs
97
What happens to the intercostal muscles and rib cage when we breathe in?
Intercostal muscles contract and rib cage expands
98
What happens to the diaphragm when we breathe in?
Diaphragm contracts and flattens

Biology Revision (2 decks)

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