EPB finalINTRANET

Question 1

What is pre-test probability?

Answer 1

Prevalence.

Question 2

What is prevalence?

Answer 2

Number of new cases within the population at risk.

Question 3

How is pre-test probability (prevalence) different from incidence?

Answer 3

New cases among the population at risk.

Question 4

What is an alpha and a beta error?

Answer 4

Alpha- false positive. Beta- false negative.

Question 5

What is sensitivity?

Answer 5

Describes positivity in disease.

Question 6

What will sensitivity help rule?

Answer 6

When negative helps rule a diagnosis out.

Question 7

What is specificity?

Answer 7

describes negativity in health.

Question 8

What will specificity help rule?

Answer 8

When positive helps rule a diagnosis in.

Question 9

How is sensitivity calculated?

Answer 9

Proportion of true + in those with the disease.

Question 10

Sensitivity is like what analogy?

Answer 10

Metal detector.

Question 11

How is specificity calculated?

Answer 11

Proportion of true - in those without the disease.

Question 12

What is the goal of applying a test to a patient?

Answer 12

To estimate post-test probability.

Question 13

What is used to more quickly determine post-test probability?

Answer 13

LR.

Question 14

LR are better used where?

Answer 14

In a clinical setting.

Question 15

What is a LR+?

Answer 15

Proportion of patients with disease who have a particular finding divided by the proportion of patients without the disease who have the same finding.

Question 16

What will a large + LR mean?

Answer 16

the larger the LR+ is the better to rule in the disease.

Question 17

What is a LR-?

Answer 17

The proportion of patients with disease lacking a physical sign divided by the proportion of patients without the disease who also lack the same sign.

Question 18

What will a small LR- mean?

Answer 18

The smaller the LR- the better to rule out a disease.

Question 19

What is the old school way of using LR?

Answer 19

Nomogram.

Question 20

What are the requirements to combine LR?

Answer 20

Findings must be independent of each other, and you can only combine LR of up to 3 independent tests.

Question 21

How are LR combined?

Answer 21

Make the post-test probability of first test the pre-test probability of the second independent test.

Question 22

What is the clinical prediction rule?

Answer 22

Clinical experience can be used to determine if a test is independent of another one.

Question 23

How often are Predictive values used?

Answer 23

A lot in diagnostic literature, but not commonly used clinically.

Question 24

What is PPV?

Answer 24

Proportion of those who test positive who actually have the disease.

Question 25

What is NPV?

Answer 25

Proportion of those who test negative who actually have the disease.

Question 26

What should be inculded when stating a parameter?

Answer 26

CI.

Question 27

What makes a CI more reliable?

Answer 27

The narrower it is.

Question 28

What is Kappa?

Answer 28

A statistical measurment of inter-examiner reliablity of a test.

Question 29

What will a kappa of .7 mean?

Answer 29

there is a 70% better reproducability between examiners than by chance alone.

Question 30

What Kappa scores are considered a good test of reproducability?

Answer 30

.6 or higher.