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Pinellas County Protocol 2023 > EPC > Flashcards

EPC Flashcards

1
Q

Pts 1-3 years old are called…

A

Toddlers

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2
Q

Kids between 3-6 are called…

A

Preschoolers

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3
Q

At what age can you stop doing toe-to-heads and just do head to toe assessments.

A

Preschoolers

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4
Q

Kids between 6-12 are called

A

School aged

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5
Q

Kid has poor appearance but normal work of breathing and circulation. What’s wrong?

A

CNS dysfunction

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6
Q

Toddlers and preschoolers (some infants) are susceptible to what disease?

A

Croup

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7
Q

Croup treatment

A

Nebulized epi (for strider)
Corticosteroids

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8
Q

Kid has dyspnea, gradual onset that worsens at night. Seal-bark cough. What is it?

A

Croup

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9
Q

What does croup do to the body?

A

Viral
Infection of upper and partial lower airway

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10
Q

What are common bacterial upper airway infections in kids?

A

Epiglottis, tracheitis, retropharyngeal abscess, peritonsilar abscess

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11
Q

Kid (4-6) with hx recent sickness and sudden onset stridor with drooling. What’s wrong?

A

Epiglotitis

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12
Q

Kid (4-6) with hx long sickness, high fever, lots of thick mucous, barking cough. What’s wrong?

A

Tracheitis

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13
Q

Kid (up to 6) has hx of penetrating trauma or upper infection, slowly starts drooling with stridor. What’s wrong?

A

Retropharyngeal abscess

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14
Q

Best way to manage an airway in odds with upper airway infections?

A

BVM. They will have difficult intubations

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15
Q

Bronchiolotis vs asthma?

A

Bronchiolotis = 0 to 2years with wheezing

Asthma = older than 2

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16
Q

Kid has fever vomiting cough, abnormal a lungs… what’s wrong?

A

Pneumonia

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17
Q

Treatment for pneumonia in kids?

A

Supportive

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18
Q

Three main drugs for anaphylaxis

A

ABCs

Adrenaline
Benadryl
Corticosteroids

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19
Q

Albuterol vs ipratropium effects

A

Albuterol = B2 - relax bronchial smooth muscle

Ipratropium = anticholinergic = same plus decrease secretions

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20
Q

Infant vs child ventilation rate

A

Infant 30/min

Child 20/min

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21
Q

compared to adults, how do kids’ hearts compensate for shock?

A

increase HR more than stroke volume

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22
Q

kid has pale and mottled skin. what does this mean?

A

shock

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23
Q

a weak central pulse in kids is compensated or decompensated shock?

A

decompensated

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24
Q

quick way to tell BP for kids >1

A

70 + 2xage

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25
Q

3 types of shock

A

cardiogenic, hypovolemic, distributive (pipe issue)

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26
Q

most common type of shock in peds? give examples

A

hypovolemic from bleed or dehydration

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27
Q

a kid in shock, assume its … until proven otherwise

A

hypovolemia

28
Q

ways to recognize hypovolemia in kids?

A

no tears/urine
dry mucous membranes
sunken fontanelles / eyes
poor skin turgor
hx

29
Q

examples of cardiogenic shock

A

PE, tension pneumo, tamponade (obstructive)

dysrhythmia, trauma, myocarditis

30
Q

number one drug choice for cardiogenic kid shock

A

epi

31
Q

what SS triad to assess cardiac tamponade?

A

becks triad

JVD
Hypotension
muffled heart tones

32
Q

how would a PE show on the monitor?

A

decreased end tidal

33
Q

what are the types of distributive shock

A

neurogenic
anaphylactic
septic

34
Q

fluid dose for neurogenic shock vs cardiogenic shock?

A

neuro = 20ml/kg

cardio = 10ml/kg

35
Q

max dose of fluids in peds for neuro and septic shock?

A

60ml/kg (20ml/kg x3 doses)

36
Q

what height fall is fatal to a kid

A

twice their height

37
Q

would bicarb help with respiratory acidosis?

A

NO. will make it worse.

38
Q

how can hypothermia worsen a trauma kid?

A

SPO2, Glucose, anaerobic metabolism

39
Q

is BP a good indicator of shock in kids?

A

not at all. can be normotensive but still in shock due to strong vasoconstriction in peds

40
Q

good questions to ask a pregnant mom

A

prenatal care
complications?
med hx
drug use / high risk behaviors?
pregnancy problems?

41
Q

newborn suddenly tanks after you start bagging. whats wrong?

A

pneumothorax

42
Q

main cause of CNS dysfunction in newborns

A

hypoglycemia

43
Q

bag rate for a neonate

A

40/min (every 1.5sec)

44
Q

when to start CPR on a newborn?

A

<60bpm or >30s of bagging with no improvement

45
Q

when to stop CPR on a newborn?

A

they can keep >60HR on their own

46
Q

compression to vent ratio for newborns

A

3:1

47
Q

how often to reassess pt during newborn CPR

A

every 30s

48
Q

newborn fluid dose

A

10ml/kg bolus over LONGER times (10-20min)

49
Q

what counts as fever

A

> 100.4 F

50
Q

can fevers cause braindamage in kids?

A

no

51
Q

are febrile seizures fatal?

A

no

52
Q

kid with a CSF shunt is seizing. what could this mean?

A

possible clog or block

53
Q

how to tell if a neonatal is seizing

A

chewing, eye twitch, horizontal fixed gaze, lip smaking, bicycle legs

54
Q

a new born is kicking its legs, smacking its lips, and has a fixed gaze with eye twitching. whats wrong?

A

its seizing

55
Q

whats status epilepticus?

A

5+ min
no return to baseline LOC

56
Q

when is a seizure a serious issue?

A

after trauma
<12mo
first ever seizure
prolonged posticaal or status

57
Q

treatment for DKA

A

fluids (20ml/kg x3 ) over 30-60min if not in shock

58
Q

what temp = heat stroke?

A

> 104 F

59
Q

heat stroke rx?

A

cooling, fluids, monitor cardiac

60
Q

most common arrhythmias in kids

A

sinus brady, sinus tach, or SVT

61
Q

brady rate for kids, infants, newborns?

A

kids <60
infants <80
newborns <100

62
Q

brady rx

A

underlying cause (hypoxia, hypoglycemia)

Epi every 3-5min

atropine (if indicated)

pace

63
Q

SVT rate for kids vs infants?

A

kid >180

infant >220

64
Q

rosc fluids for kids

A

20ml/kg

65
Q

how to assess ICP

A

brady
hypertension
agonal respirations

Pinellas County Protocol 2023 (9 decks)

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