Epi Final Exam Flashcards
(67 cards)
Epidemiology is the study of (3 D’s)
distribution, determinants, and dynamics of disease in a population
Name 5 approaches to epidemiology
quantitative medical ecology herd health clinical epidemiology descriptive
Which historical figure is credited with controlling the Rinderpest outbreak using testing and depopulation
Lancisi
which historical figure determined that cholera was caused by contaminated water and not “bad air”
John snow
Which historical figure is credited with compiling the bills for mortality into a census (first demographer)
John Graunt
Which historical figure was the first veterinarian to graduate from cornell and also became head ot the bureau of animal industries?
Daniel salmon
Which historical figure worked with Kilbourne to discover that Texas Cattle fever was a tick-borne disease?
Theobald smith
Which historical figure was involved with determining how yellow fever was transmitted?
Dr. Walter Reed
What is syndromic surveillance?
determining the presence of a disease before an actual diagnosis is made
(i.e. if the sale of Tamiflu is going up, there must be flu outbreaks occurring)
What are the steps of the epidemiologic cycle?
identify problem collect info formulate hypothesis observe classify information collect data process/analyze data solve problem (OR find a new problem)
The purposeful use of microorganisms or toxins derived from living organisms to cause death or disease in humans, animals, or plants in civilian setting
Bioterrorism
Describe a category A bioterrorism agent; give 3 examples
highest priority;
easily disseminates, high mortality
anthrax, plague, smallpox
Describe a category B bioterrorism agent; give 3 examples
moderately easy dissemination, moderate mortality
brucellosis, glanders, Q fever, viral encephalitis
Describe a category C bioterrorism agent; give 2 examples
high mortality; possible future use
Nipah virus and Hanta virus
Name the 4 classifications of zoonotic diseases by transmission cycle
meta-zoonoses
direct zoonoses
cyclo-zoonoses
sapro-zoonoses
life cycle requires biological transmission by invertebrate host
Meta-zoonoses
transmission from infected vertebrate to human by contact, vehicle, or mechanical vector
Direct zoonoses
transmission cycle requires more than one vertebrate host
cyclo-zoonoses
non-animal site serves as the true reservoir for the agent
sapro-zoonoses
Concerning temporal disease patterns, define:
1) sporadic
2) epidemic
3) endemic
4) diurnal
1) occurs rarely and w/o regularity
2) occurrence of a disease in a population in EXCESS of what is normally expected
3) occurs with predictable regularity (habitual presence)
4) changes that occur over a short period of time
Concerning temporal disease patterns, define:
1) cyclic
2) seasonal
3) secular
1) periodic changes over several years (due to fluctuations in population immunity)
2) occurs one time of the year, every year
3) gradual change over a long period of time
What are the two types of epidemics?
Common source (all people infected at once)
Propagated (infectious disease that spreads)
Ability of an agent to replicate and cause disease in its host
pathogenicity
Virulence=severity of the disease
Animal use and level of husbandry are what type of host determinants?
Extrinsic
intrinsic= sex, breed, age, species, etc
