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Foundations 2 Perio > Epi of Perio > Flashcards

Epi of Perio Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Epidemiology is about who

A

the population-NOT the individual

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2
Q

Groups of diseases in periodontal disease

A

 Gingivitis – reversible, inflammation of the gingiva, the junctional epithelium remains attached to the tooth at the original level

 Periodontitis – chronic, inflammation of the gingiva and surrounding bone that supports the tooth, loss of support can lead to tooth loss

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3
Q

Do not know numbers!!

-If there is a number it is WRONG!

A

(:

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4
Q

Why forecast disease occurrence?

A

To prevent disease!

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5
Q

What to study/focus on in epidiemology (4 things)

A

Do not worry about this much, just some extra knowledge

Epidemiology

Distribution

Risk factors

Preventative strategies at the population level

Link between periodontal and systemic disease

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6
Q

Periodontal disease (define key terms)

A

a generic term to describe a group

of inflammatory conditions affecting tooth-supporting tissues

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7
Q

Is periodontal disease reversible?

A

Gingivitis is!!!!! Periodontitis is NOT!

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8
Q

Periodontitis prevalence based on gender

A

Men&raquo_space;> women

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9
Q

How do we capture Perio disease on a global level?

-Describe the national health surveys

A

Less than 10 national oral health surveys include periodontal assessment, only five use similar measurements

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10
Q

Gingivitis and calculus deposits are ______ and

_____ in low-income nations

A

More prevalent and more severe

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11
Q

% of adult population with periodontitis

A

50%

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12
Q

% of population with severe periodontitis (is it common?)

A

5-15%, so kind of yeah, but a small proportion globally have severe periodontitis **KNOW THIS

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13
Q

What is a cause of mixed results about the prevalence of gingavitis

A

Mix results about the prevalence of gingivitis due to lack of agreement on measurement criteria

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14
Q

How many adults have gingivitis? Adolescents?

A

over half adults- adolescents even more (~80%)

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15
Q

With age, prevalence of periodontitis does what

A

increases, more towards 15% of the 5-15

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16
Q

Ethnicity with highest prevalence of Periodontitis

A

Mexican-Americans

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17
Q

Perio and education level

A

lower education = higher rates

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18
Q

Risk Factors -Modifiable (6)

A 
Modifiable
• Smoking, Nutrition
• Dental plaque, Oral
hygiene 
• Psychological factors 
• Obesity 
• Socioeconomics 
• Specific microorganisms
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19
Q

Risk Factors- Non-modifiable (4)

Study These Flashcards
A 
Non-Modifiable
• Genetic
• Aging
• Gender
• Ethnicity/Race
20
Q

Factors related to why high SES have better gingival

health (3)

Study These Flashcards
A

Improved oral hygiene, regular dental visits, having

dental insurance

21
Q

Strength of evidence linking genetics and periodontal health

Study These Flashcards
A

WEAK evidence

22
Q

Measurements of Perio Disease (5)

Study These Flashcards
A

• Pocket depth (PD)- current periodontal disease • Clinical attachment loss (CAL)-past periodontal disease • Bleeding on probing (BP) • Self-reported measure • Bone loss: alveolar crest to CEJ
* considered best indicators to measure periodontal
health of the population

23
Q
  • considered best indicators to measure periodontal

health of the population

Study These Flashcards
A

• Bone loss: alveolar crest to CEJ

24
Q

Self reported indicators of Perio Disease (6)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Malodor/bad taste
  • Oral hygiene aid use
  • Pain/discomfort
  • Previous diagnosis of periodontal disease
  • History of periodontal treatment
  • Self rating of gingival health

**Just be aware of these

25
Assessment Concern for Periodontal Disease Measurement | hint one reason with 3 things under that reason
Lack of uniformity and constant change: • in the criteria for disease identification in the population • in the threshold used for assessment in studies • in the sites assessed for the disease in different studies
26
Concerns of the Perio Probe (8)
- Diameter of probe - the tine - Force Applied - Angulation of the probe tine to the wall - Experience of examiner - Prevelence of overhang - Accuracy on tine - Probe penetration
27
Perio Disease Indices are used to measure the following (4)
* Plaque or soft deposits on teeth * Calculus * Gingival inflammation * Periodontal destruction/ loss of attachment
28
Grades of Plaque index (0,1,2,3) DO NOT HAVE TO KNOW EACH ONE
0: Plaque free, no plaque collection 1: Thin film of plaque at the gingival margin, visible and easily scraped with explorer 2: Moderate amount of plaque along gingival margin; interdental space free of plaque; plaque visible with the naked eye 3: Heavy Plaque accumulation at the gingival margin; interdental space filled with plaque
29
Gingival Index 0-3 DO NOT HAVE TO KNOW EACH ONE
Normal gingival, no inflammation, no discoloration, no bleeding probing Mild inflammation, slight color change, mild alteration of gingival surface, no bleeding on probing Moderate inflammation, erythema swelling, bleeding on probing or with application of pressure Severe inflammation, severe erythema and swelling, tendency towards spontaneous hemorrhage, some ulceration
30
Plaque index
• Good reproducibility • Original designed to be used in six teeth, but other combinations are now used • Original teeth: u maxilla: Right lateral incisor, 2nd molar and left 1st premolar u Mandible: Right 1st premolar, left lateral incisor, 2nd molar
31
Perio index used
CPIT-N | Community periodontal index of treatment needs Ainamo et al 1982
32
0 in an index
Normal
33
Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) determines what? Used in what? Easy or hard on a global scale? Joint with who?
* Joint working committee of the WHO and FDI * Determines severity of gingivitis and periodontitis * Primarily used in epidemiological studies * Easy to use and has global acceptance
34
Limitations of CPTIN-(3) THIS IS A QUESTION
• Index based on a hierarchical concept of the progression of periodontitis. Such that a tooth with a score of 3 or 4 (pocket) should have calculus (score 2) and bleeding (score 1) ---does not allow us to talk about ATTACHMENT LOSS • It does not measure tooth mobility or attachment loss or furcation involvement • Concern about examining the periodontium of a few teeth as representative of the periodontal health or disease of the whole teeth in the mouth
35
Community Periodontal Index of Treatment evaluates what
perio treatment needs of population
36
Main Limitation of CPTIN
You cannot use CPTIN to evaluate individuals-ONLY Populations!
37
CPI does what (2 modifications to CPITN)
Includes clinical loss of attachment (sometime optional) Eliminates treatment need
38
An index for Perio screening?
Yes, Perio Screening and recording, THERE IS AN INDICE
39
INDICES for what (3 or so)
Plaque, Calc, Perio, Community perio index
40
Epidemiology is a(n) _______ important for “hypothesis generation” than demonstration of proof
an observational science
41
Epidemiology is an observational science important for “__________” than demonstration of proof
hypothesis generation-asking more questions
42
Epidemiological studies are important to help improve 2 things
• improve our understanding of risk factors of periodontal disease, prognosis and long-term outcomes of care • Improve our understanding of periodontal - systemic associations
43
Rigorous training and calibration of examiners are important in epidemiology of periodontal disease especially when data is intended for public health planning just a fact, not on perio exam
...
44
In cases where partial mouth assessments are done a ________ should be calculated to account for possible differences between _____ and ______ assessment
- -correction factor | - -between partial and full mouth assessment
45
In cases where partial mouth assessments are done a correction factor should be calculated to account for possible differences between partial and full mouth assessment
KNOW This and it is from NHANES!!!!
46
We used to use what and now use what
partial mouth now we use full mouth assessment, this is on the exam!
47
Complete mouth assessment is not important, true or false???
FALSE

Foundations 2 Perio (9 decks)

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