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253 midterm 1_2022 > epi tissue > Flashcards

epi tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what is called the study of tissues and how they form organs

A

histology

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2
Q

what are the possible forms of tissues (textures)

A

solid, semi-solid, soft or liquid

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3
Q

what are the four types of tissues

A

epithelial, connective, muscular or nervous

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4
Q

what embryonic connective tissue are most body tissues derived from

A

mesenchyme

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5
Q

what are the 3 embryonic or germ layers and what do they resemble in shape

A

endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm
a 3d ball

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6
Q

what is ectoderm

A

outer covering of the body and nervous tissue

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7
Q

what is endoderm

A

forms the lining of the body and digestive tract

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8
Q

what is mesoderm

A

forms everything else like m., lig, cartilage ,b. ,blood, etc.

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9
Q

what is the common purpose of a group of cells

A

homeostasis

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10
Q

what is epithelial tissue mostly derived from

A

endoderm but still all 3

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11
Q

what are the four functions of epi tissue

A

protection, filtration, secretion, excretion

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12
Q

what does protection stand for in epi tissue

A

epidermis of skin

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13
Q

what does filtration stand for in epi tissue

A

membranes for nutrient absorption

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14
Q

what does secretion stand for in epi tissue

A

release mucous, hormones and enzymes

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15
Q

what does excretion stand for in epi tissue

A

waste products such as CO2, urine

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16
Q

what are the 2 main types of epithelium and where are they located

A

surface epi; lining and covering
and glandular epi; secretory tissue in glands

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17
Q

what do surface and glandular epi have in common

A

they are both closely packed cells (cellularity) with hardly any extracellular material (matrix) btw the cells

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18
Q

what is the basement membrane

A

a non-cellular layer of materials which holds the epithelia to the underlying connective tissue (and gives strength to the epi)

19
Q

t/f epi tissue is vascular and most connective tissues are avascular

A

false epi is avascular and most connective tissues are vascular

20
Q

t/f epi cells have a high ability to divide for repair and renewal

A

true bc of high wear-and-tear exposure

21
Q

where does epi tissue lie in order to survive and function

A

close to tissues that do have blood supply

22
Q

t/f epi is always covered by another tissue, it never has a free surface

A

false, its rarely covered by another tissue it always has a free surface

23
Q

what are the 2 surfaces of epithelium and where is each located

A

apical surface; faces the body cavity, lumen, ducts, etc.
basal surface; deepest layer, attached to basement mem

24
Q

what are the 2 layers of the basement mem and what are their main goals

A

basal lamina (glues epi to the basement mem) and reticular lamina (helps feed to developp new cells and strengthen w collagen)

25
Q

which layer of the basement mem is closer to the epi cells and contains the proteins laminin (glue) and collagen (strength)

A

basal lamina

26
Q

which layer of the basement mem is closer to the underlying connective tissue and contains collagen which is produced by connective tissue cells (fibroblasts)

A

reticular lamina

27
Q

what are the possible shapes of epi cells (describe)

A

squamous; flat and thin
cuboidal; square
columnar; rectangular
transitional; comprised of both squamous and cuboidal cells that form linings of the hollow organs

28
Q

what is the difference btw simple, stratified and pseudostratified epi

A

simple; simple row of cells
stratified: 2 or more rows of cells with the name based on the shape of the apical layer
pseudostratified: single row of cells w overlapping sizes but all attached to the basement membrane

29
Q

whta type of epi cell can be called simple as well

A

squamous, cuboidal and columnar

30
Q

whta type of epi cell can be called stratified as well

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar and transitional

31
Q

what are the 2 subclasses of simple squamous epi

A

endothelium (lines innermost of hollow cavities)
mesothelium (forms epi layer of serous mem)

32
Q

what are the functions of simple squamous epi

A

allow rapid passage of substances thru them and lines cardiovascular and lymphatic sys

33
Q

what are the functions of simple cuboidal epi and simple columnar epi

A

cuboidal: functions in secretion and absorption
columnar: functions in secretion and absorption, lines digestive tract and forms the ducts of many glands

34
Q

what is a ciliated and a non-ciliated simple columnar epi

A

ciliated; the microvilli can move and propel things along
non-ciliated: the microvilli can’t move but their role is to increase surface area

35
Q

what are the functions of stratified squamous epi (which cells are often dead)

A

protective layer, cells replace those lost to friction (replaced by cells at the basal layer)
the apical cells (further from the blood so they die)

36
Q

what is the difference btw keratinized and non-keratinized stratified squamous epi

A

keratinized: contains protein keratin; tough and water resistant (intended to stay dry like skin)
non-keratinized: found on wet surfaces subject to wear and tear (intended to remain moist)

37
Q

why are stratified columnar and cuboidal epi rare

A

because the apical layer is rarely cuboidal or columnar

38
Q

where is stratified transitional epi found, why is it transitional and what types of epi is it mostly seen as,

A

found in hollow organs,
bc w the expansion of the organ, the cells slide and flatten
mostly columnar and cuboidal w some squamous

39
Q

what layers make up an epithelial mem and what two types of epi mem exist

A

layer of epithelium and a layer of connective tissue
mucous mem (inner lining) and serous mem (outer protective envelope)

40
Q

what is mucous mem (function, general location, name of connective tissue)

A

secretes mucous to keep linings moist
found in hollow organs and tracts
connective tissue is the lamina propria

41
Q

what is serous mem (function, general location, name of 2 sublayers)

A

secrets fluid for lubrification
line the hollow body cavities mostly in the abdominopelvic cavity, also found in thoracic cavity and covers many of the viscera
visceral and parietal layer

42
Q

what is glandular epi (function, description, what are the 2 subdivision)

A

secretion
it is glands developed from specialized epi
exocrine (secreted onto a surface), endocrine (secreted into the blood)

43
Q

what will endocrine glands always secrete

A

hormones directly into the blood (the gland’s duct has lost contact with the epithelium)

253 midterm 1_2022 (7 decks)

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