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10th Semester Finals > Epi topic starters > Flashcards

Epi topic starters Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Foetopathy of swine caused by parvoviruses (SMEDI).
A
  • Porcine parvovirus-1 (PPV-1)1
    1. rep in dividing cells
    2. Pigs small herds, repro pb, life long
    3. throat lymph > SI c > macrophage med Viraemia> fetus
    4. smaller litter, resorption>death,mummi>myoclonia congenita
    5. diff size piglets (» WBC)
    6. Inactive vacc

Cannot cross placenta in sero+ sows

  • Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2)2
    1Protoparvovirus spp.; 2Circovirus spp.*
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2
Q
  1. Canine enteritis caused by parvoviruses.
A

Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2)
1. young, < 8wo high death
2. PO>throat>gut>lymph V>SI crypts &lympoid T
3. < 8wo death ; >8 vomit, greyish hemorrage Diarrhea
4. Hemorrhagic enteritis
5. lymphopenia, rap Ag test
6. Vacc (inactivated)

* Canine parvovirus-1 (CPV-1) non patho

​Protoparvovirus spp.

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3
Q
  1. Feline panleukopaenia.
A
  • Feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV)
  • Canine parvovirus-2a (CPV-2a)
    1. Cat, V contagious
    2. PO>throat>macroP V> Lymph T & SI
    3. Vomit, bloody D, feline ataxia syndrome
    4. cerebellar hypoplasia, myocarditis
    5. PCR
    6. VAccine

Protoparvovirus spp.

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4
Q
  1. Parvovirus diseases of the mink.
A
  • Mink Parvoviral enteritis → Mink enteritis virus (MEV)1
    1. high mortality –> same as Ca&fe
  • Aleutian mink disease → Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV)2
    1. Mink + ferret
    2. PO> same+ type III hypersensitivity
    2. 4-6wks Incub, Y: interst Pneumo, A: bloddy D, neuro, abortion, malformation
    3. glomerulonepritis
    4. immune complex
    5. no vacc

1Protoparvovirus spp.; 2Amdoparvovirus spp.

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5
Q

9. Derzsy’s Disease of Geese, Parvoviral Disease of Ducks

A
  • Derzsy’s disease → Goose parvovirus/Muscovy duck V (no need of helper V
    1. young, V contag, high mortality <1wo
    2. PO> rep SI> V + germinative
    3. < 1: death; 2-4wo: swollen eye, white diarrhea, ascites, convulsion; chronic: growth!!, penguin like posture
    4. hepatitis, ball shaped heart, enteritis
    5. PCR
    6. Vacc
  • Duck parvovirus → Parvoviral enteritis of ducks
    1. Barbari, muscovy, youngs (high death)
    2. PO > SI> V. + germinative
    3. diarrhea, leg weak, neuro (1wo), chronic: feathers, red skin
    4. hepatitis, ball shaped heart, cooked meat muscles
    5. PCR,VN
    6. Vacc
    • Short beak and dwarfism syndrome (low mortality)

Dependoparvovirus spp.

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6
Q
  1. Circoviral disease of swine (PMWS, PDNS).
A
  • Porcine circovirus (PCV) 2 →
    • Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)*
      1. 1-4mo, Rodents=reservoir; predisp. Factors
      2. PO>macro,APC,epithel>monocyteV>Lymphoid, organs
      3. wasting, dyspnea, icterus, neuro
      4. > > mesent Lnn; pneumo; hemorrhages, inclusion bodies
      5. PCR
      6. Vacc
    • Porcine dermatitis & nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)
      1. 1.5mo
      2. Type III hyperS> immune complex skin, kidney,BV
      3. Skin, lnn., kidneys haemor. H: glomerulo-neph, interstitial nephron
      4. PCR (DDx: ASF & CSF)
  • Porcine circovirus (PCV) 3 → Reproductive failure
    <70dys: SMEDI Vs >70dys fetus immune response
  • PRDC: PCV2 => lungs?

europe endemic

  • *The name is now changed to PCV2-SD (“systemic disease”)*
  • Circovirus spp.*
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7
Q
  1. Avian diseases caused by circoviruses, chicken infectious anaemia.
A
  • Psittacine beak & feather disease virus (PBFDV)
  • Australia, Young parrots, V contagious, life long C, PO, rep immune cells, resp S, Vomit, diarrhea, chronic: feather loss, beak deformity, Cytoplasm incl. bodies
  • Pigeon circovirus (CoCV)
  • < 1yo, mortality high, PO(germ) >rep immune cells, feather follicules, beak &claw rep > V > lnn, organs; decrease race perf, chronic: same + VACC for race
  • Goose circovirus (GCV)
  • 1 wo, high mortality, Same PathG, same CS
  • Chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV)
  • < 3wo high death, over : mild
    PO (germ) > Gut > V > BM, BF, Thymus
    B cells NOT affected
    Aneamia, hemmorrhages, yellow BM, BF atrophy
    PCR
    Vacc (attenuated)

Circovirus spp.

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8
Q
  1. Papillomatoses.
A
  • Bovine papillomavirus (BPaV) 1-61, 2
  • Equine papillomavirus (EPaV) 1 & 3
  • Canine papillomavirus (CPaV)3, 4
  • Feline papillomavirus (FPaV)3

Per cutan –> repli in skin stratum basale –> DNA amplification in stratum spinosum–> early and later protein synthesis in stratum granulosum –>virus assembly in stratum corneum (keratinized cells)

1Deltapapillomavirus spp.; 2Epsilonpapillomavirus spp.; 3Lambdapapillomavirus spp.; 4Taupapillomavirus spp.

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9
Q
  1. Haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese.
A
  • Goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV)
    1. 3-10wo, Contact & feces,urine; persistent carrier; high mortality in goslings
    2. PO > pharynx lymph (B cells)> V> BV,BF,Kidney, Intesines, Lymphoid
    3. A: head shaking, diarrhea, coma,death; C:Urid acid crystals
    4. gout, necrosis enteritis, hepatitis
    5. PCR
    6. VAcc (inactive BFDV)

BFDV: budgerigar fledging disease virus
BB KIL

​Gammapolyomavirus spp.

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10
Q
  1. Pneumoenteritis of ruminants caused by adenoviruses.
A
  • Calves:
    • Bovine mastadenovirus 11
    • Bovine atadenovirus 22
      1. 1-4mo, from carreir calf
      2. PO> tonsils> lymphoid V> resp & enteric mucosa
      3. cough, nasal D, diarrhea (bloody); Adult: Subclinical
      4. pneumonia, atelectasis, enteritis; Cowdry A intranuclear inclusion bodies
      5. PCR (not in V young, maternal immunity)
  • Lambs:
    • Ovine adenovirus 2
    • Bovine Adenovirus 2
    • Goat Adenovirus 1
      3-4wo, all the same + Ewes: asymptomatic & Rams: Urolithiasis; Haemorrhagic & necrotic enteritis

1Mastadenovirus spp.; 2Atadenovirus spp.

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11
Q
  1. Canine infectious hepatitis and infectious laryngotracheitis.
A
  • Canine infectious hepatitis* → Canine adenovirus (CAdV) 1
  • Fox encephalitis → Canine adenovirus (CAdV) 1
  • Canine infectious laryngotracheitis → Canine adenovirus (CAdV) 2

  • *AKA Rubarth’s disease*
  • Mastadenovirus spp.*
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12
Q
  1. Adenoviral diseases in poultry.
A
  • Chicken inclusion body hepatitis → Fowl adenovirus 1, 7 & 81
  • Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in geese → Fowl adenovirus 41
  • Turkey haemorrhagic enteritis → Turkey Adenovirus 3 virus2
  • Marble spleen D of pheasants & Splenomegaly of chicken→ Turkey Adenovirus 3 virus2
  • Egg-drop syndrome in duck & goose → Duck atadenovirus A3

1Aviadenovirus spp.; 2Siadenovirus spp.; imunossup. 3Atadenovirus

Hen TISME

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13
Q
  1. Characteristics of herpesviruses, groups, epidemiological features.
A
  • α-herpesvirinae subfamily → Aujeszky’s, Marek’s, IBR
  • β-herpesvirinae subfamily → Inclusion body rhinitis
  • γ-herpesvirinae subfamily → Malignant catarrhal fever
  • α: Neuron
  • β: Gland & lymphoid
  • γ: Lymphoid cell latency
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14
Q

18. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

A
  • Bovine herpesvirus (BHV) 1 & 5
    • Encephalitis
    • Abortion
    • ​Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV)
    • Infectious pustular balanoposthitis (IPB)

Varicellovirus spp.

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15
Q
  1. Bovine herpesmamillitis, inclusion body rhinitis of swine.
A
  • Bovine herpesmamillitis → ​Bovine herpesvirus (BHV) 21
  • Inclusion body rhinitis → Suid herpesvirus (SuHV) 22

1Simplexvirus spp.; 2Roseolovirus spp.

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16
Q
  1. Malignant catarrhal fever.
A
  • Ovine herpesvirus (OHV) 2
  • Alcelaphine herpesvirus (AlHV) 1

Macavirus spp.

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17
Q

22. Aujeszky’s disease

A
  • Suid herpesvirus (SuHV) 1

abortion, respiratory and central nervous system signs,

Varicellovirus spp.

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18
Q

24. Diseases of horses caused by EHV-1 and EHV-4 viruses.

A
  • Equine rhinopneumonitis/Epizootic abortion
    • EHV-1 lytic & latent cycle
    • EHV-4 NO viremia

Varicellovirus spp.

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19
Q
  1. Diseases caused by EHV-2, EHV-3 and EHV-5 viruses in horses.
A
  • Equine herpes infection
    • Equine herpesvirus (EHV) 21: Conjunctivitis, immunosuppression
    • Equine herpesvirus (EHV) 51: Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis
  • Coital exanthema of horse
    • Equine herpesvirus (EHV) 32

1Percavirus spp.; 2Varicellovirus spp.

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20
Q
  1. Canine herpesviral disease.
A
  • Canid herpesvirus (CHV) 1

Polymerase, leukocyte Viremia, localized (latent in ggl)

Varicellovirus spp.

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21
Q
  1. Feline infectious rhinotracheitis.
A
  • Felid herpesvirus (FeHV) 1

Extremely contagious, rare viremia, prego: abortion, FeLV-FIV

Varicellovirus spp.

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22
Q
  1. Infectious laryngotracheitis of chicken.
A
  • Galine herpesvirus (GaHV) 1
    • Mild form (low virulence)
    • Typical form (Virulent)

Growers, Extremely contagious, NO Viremia, Cheesy plug

Iltovirus spp.

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23
Q

29. Marek’s disease.

A
  • Galine herpesvirus (GaHV) 2 & 3
    • Acute visceral form: > 6 weeks old (common)
    • Neurological form: > 6 months old (rare)

NO Germinative, Early cytolytic, latent phase, CNS & tumors, MATSA

Mardivirus spp.

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24
Q
  1. Duck plague, herpesviral disease of pigeons.
A
  • Duck plague (duck viral enteritis) [N] → Anatid herpesvirus (AnHV) 1
    Diarhhea, conjunctivitis,
  • Pigeon herpes → Columbid herpesvirus (CoHV) 1
    Almond shaped eyes, diphteric plaques

Mardivirus spp.

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*31. Bovine diseases caused by poxviruses.*
* Cowpox → Cowpox virus (CPXV)[Z]1 * Pseudocowpox → Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) [Z]2 * Bovine papular stomatitis virus 2 * Lumpy skin disease → Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) [N]3 | **ZOONOTIC** ## Footnote *1Orthopoxvirus spp.; 2Parapox spp.; 3Capripox spp.*
26
32. Contagious pustular dermatitis of sheep and goat. Swine pox.
* Contagious pustular dermatitis [Z] → Orf virus (ORFV)1 **ORF=O**ral, **R**epro, **F**eet * Swine pox → Swinepox virus (SWPV)2 | Orf: ZOONOTIC ## Footnote *1Parapoxvirus spp.; 2Suipoxvirus spp.*
27
*33. Sheep and goat pox.*
* Sheep pox [N] → Sheeppox virus (SPV) * Goat pox [N] → Goatpox virus (GTPV) | **NOTIFIABLE** ## Footnote *Capripoxvirus spp.*
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34. Myxomatosis.
* Myxoma virus (MYXV)[N] * Virulent strain → Typical, classical, nodular form * Attenuated strain → Nodular form * Attenuated strain → Atypical, amyxomatous form ## Footnote *Leporipoxvirus spp.*
29
35. Fowl pox.
* Fowlpox virus (FWPV) [Z] * Homologous strain *(2 x viraemias)* * Heterologous strain *(asymptomatic)* 1. *Cutaneous form* 2. *Diphtheric (wet) form* 3. *Mixed form* 4. *Acute haemorrhagic (septicaemic) form* *Avipoxvirus spp.* | NOTIFIABLE
30
*36. African swine fever.*
* African swine fever virus (ASFV) [N] * Highly virulent variant *(peracute/acute)* * Moderately virulent variant *(subacute)* * Mildly virulent variant *(chronic)* DNA, Highly resistant, no neutralizing Ab, escape IS, block IF resp, Hemadsorption ## Footnote *Asfivirus spp.*
31
*37. Teschovirus encephalomyelitis.*
* Porcine teschovirus (PTV)(serotype 1/out of 11)[N *in Hungary*] * Teschen: All age groups * Talfan: \< 4 mo. ONLY pigs, PG 3 phases ## Footnote *Teschovirus spp.*
32
*38. Swine vesicular disease and vesicular exanthema of swine.*
* Swine vesicular disease [N *in Hungary*][Z] →SVDV1 & 2 **CHEF**: CNS, Heart, Enteric, Fetus * Vesicular exanthema of swine → VESV3 Seals, Piglet death | Europe Free ## Footnote *1Enterovirus spp.; 2Senecavirus spp.; 3Vesivirus spp.*
33
39. Avian encephalomyelitis.
* Avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) germinative, 1-2wk chicken, incubation: 1-11dys, CNS, high mortality, histo ## Footnote * AKA "Epidemic tremor"* * Tremovirus spp.*
34
40. Duck viral hepatitises.
* Duck hepatitis virus (DHV) A [N]1 * Serotype 1: Highly pathogenic * Serotype 2 & 3: Less pathogenic < 4wks high mortality, **not** germinative, liver, CNS, large hemorrhages *1Avihepatovirus spp.;
35
41. Encephalomyocarditis.
* Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) [Z] Pigs, mammals (elephants fatal), rodents maintain - piglets : dyspnea, CNS - growers: death (heart) - preg: abortion ## Footnote *Cardiovirus spp.*
36
*42. Foot and mouth disease*
* Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) [N][Z] * O & A Serotype *(Worldwide)* * 7 serotypes in total (no cross protection) CPE, reservoir: buffalo, long carriage, low mortality, young :death (myocarditis), Vaccine in endemic ## Footnote *Aphthovirus spp.*
37
44. Feline calicivirus infections.
* Feline calicivirus (FCV) * Virulent systemic strains *(VS-FCV)*: vasculitis, resp,intestinal bleed, icterus * "Limping syndrome" strains: immune complex Bi-phasic fever, salivation, lacrimation, vaccine at **9 wks** ## Footnote * May lead to feline respiratory disease complex* * Vesivirus spp.*
38
*45. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease, European brown hare syndrome.*
* Rabbit haemorrhagic disease [N] → RHDV 1 & 2 * European brown hare syndrome [N] → EBHSV ## Footnote *Lagovirus spp.*
39
46. Diseases of farm animals caused by hepatitis E virus.
* Hepatitis E virus (HEV) 3 [Z] - Pig, rabbit, **human** * Hepatitis E virus (HEV) 4 [Z] - Pig & **human** * Avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV): Avihepevirus magniiecur * Chicken big liver and spleen disease > 24wks, PO, liver & spleen, anemia, decrease egg prod ## Footnote *Orthohepevirus spp.*
40
47. Diseases caused by astroviruses.
* Turkey enteritis → Turkey astrovirus (TAstV) * Avian nephritis → Avian nephritis virus (ANV) 1 & 2 * Duck viral hepatitis → Duck astrovirus (DAstV) 2 | **HEN** ## Footnote *Avastrovirus spp.*
41
*48. Equine encephalomyelitis caused by togaviruses*
* Equine encephalomyelitis [N][Z] * Eastern equine encephalitis → EEEV Birds>mosquitoes>horse/hu * Western equine encephalitis → WEEV Birds/rodents> mosquitoes> horse/hu * Venezuelan equine encephalitis → VEEV Horse/rodent> mosquitoes>horse/hu * Chikungunya virus * Ross river fever virus 2 viraemia, CNS, lifelong immunity ## Footnote *Alphavirus spp.*
42
49. Equine infectious arteritis.
* Equine arteritis virus (EAV) [N] Winter, Rep in macrophage, immunosupression, Resp in young, abortion in mare | **UAE**: urticaria, abortion, edema ## Footnote *Alphaarterivirus spp.*
43
*50. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome.*
* Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) * European strains * USA strains * Highly pathogenic strains: America, China, European Lena * Clinical signs are in two phases for all ages * alveolar macrophages, immunosuppression, **Attenuated** vaccine, Gp5 ## Footnote *Betaarterivirus spp.*
44
51. Louping ill and tick-borne encephalitis (Zoon.).
* Louping ill → LIV [Z], UK/Scandinavia Sheep, Red grouse, Tick, Bi-phasic fever, inact. vaccine. * Tick-borne encephalitis → TBEV [Z] Mammals, rodents, tick, CS in young only, inact. vaccine. ## Footnote *Flavivirus spp.*
45
*52. West Nile fever, disease caused by Usutu virus and other mosquito-borne flaviviral diseases.*
* West Nile virus (WNV) → West Nile fever [N][Z] 2 lineage, birds, Culex, 10% neuro, sheep, dogs/cats, geese, Vacc in horses. * Usutu virus (USUV) → Usutu * Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) → Japanese encephalitis [Z] Pig abortion * Wesselsbron virus (WSLV) → Wesselsbron disease [Z] * Zika virus [ZIKV] → Zika virus infection [Z] ## Footnote * ​WNV, JEV & USUV are all part of the **Japanese encephalitis serocomplex** (these viruses have cross reactions together)* * Flavivirus spp.*
46
*53. Bovine viral diarrhoea.*
* Pestivirus A *(BVDV-1)* → *CP/NCP strain* * Pestivirus B *(BVDV-2)* → *CP/NCP strain* Atg: Gp 53 Ru, Pigs, immunosuppression, Preg: 0-40; 40-12/180 Resp, enteric, cataract, abortion, mucosal Vaccine : Bleeding Claf syndrome | OIE listed ## Footnote *Pestivirus spp.*
47
54. Border disease of sheep.
* Pestivirus D (Border disease virus) Hairy Shaker, vaccines sometimes ## Footnote *Pestivirus spp.*
48
*55. Classical swine fever*
* Pesivirus C (Classical swine fever virus) [N] Europe Free * Wild-type strain (typical or atypical form) * Low virulence strain *(foetopathogenic only)* * Vaccine strain (C-Strain) E2 neutralizing Ab, No CPE, BV, BM & lymphoid; direct & indirect damage 1-3wks: Non spe signs (GI, Resp) 2-4wks: typical signs (CNS, haemorrages, ear cyanosis) 1-3mths: Non spe signs + shedding (recurrent fever, Resp, GI, dermatitis) Preg: 50-70dys: Immunotolerant UB & Rectum haemorrages + Boutons LI ## Footnote *Pestivirus spp.*
49
*57. Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine.*
* Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), USA * Epizootic *(winter; high mortality)* < 2wks: 100% mortality * Enzootic *(slow progression; low mortality)* Around weaning Good maternal immunity ## Footnote *Alphacoronavirus spp.*
50
58. Porcine epidemic diarrhoea, haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis of pigs.
* Porcine epidemic diarrhoea → PEDV 1 & 21 Type 1&2 (Indel & Non-Indel), long term carrier, into milk not fetus * Porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis → PHEV2 **No** Vireamia * Vomiting & wasting disease form *(\< 3 days old) (GI)*= Central vomiting & constipation * Ontario disease form *(\< 3 weeks old) (GI + CNS)*= inability to suckle, cyanosis Histo= Dorsal horns (*vs taflan*) *1Alphacoronavirus spp.; 2**Betacoronavirus spp.*
51
59. Coronaviral diarrhoea of cattle and dogs.
* Bovine coronavirus (BCoV)1 * Calf diarrhoea form *( \< 3w.)* * Respiratory form *(2-6 mo.)* * Winter dysentery form *(Adult; dairy; post-part.; winter!)* NO IgA in milk, only colostrum, cell tropism depends on S gene (changes with age) * Canine coronavirus (CCoV)2 * Canine enteric coronavirus: **no viraemia** * Canine respiratory coronavirus *(KC)* * Canine pantropic coronavirus= bloody diarrhea, **Neuro signs**, lymphocytopenia, ## Footnote *1Betacoronavirus 1 spp.; 2Alphacoronavirus 1 spp.*
52
60. Diseases of cats caused by coronaviruses.
* Feline enteric coronavirus *(young)* → FECoV * Feline infectious peritonitis *(all ages)* → FIPV * Acute/wet *(Type-3 hypers.)* Immune complex * Chronic/dry *(Type-4 hypers.)* C mediated Long term carriers Rivalta Test ## Footnote *Alphacoronavirus 1 spp.*
53
61. Infectious bronchitis of chicken, coronaviral enteritis of turkey.
* Infectious bronchitis of chicken → IBV * *USA strain* * *Nephropathogenic strain* = higher mortality NO germinative, < 6wks: permanent oviduct damage = Resp signs Lots of vaccines times * Coronaviral enteritis of turkey → TCoV Watery foamy diarrhea, high mortality in young ## Footnote *Gammacoronavirus spp.*
54
62. Diseases of farm animals caused by orthoreoviruses and rotaviruses.
* Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV)1 [Z] Long maternal immunity Ru= Resp & Diarrhea Eq= Resp Rabbit= diarrhea Su= Diarrhea (respiratory) * Rotavirus A, B, C2 [Z] * Rotavirus D - J2 *(birds/swine/bats/cats)* ## Footnote *1Orthoreovirus spp.; 2Rotavirus spp.*
55
63. Reoviral diseases of poultry.
* Avian orthoreovirus (ARV) *(trypsin **resistant**/**sensitive** strains)* * Tenosynovitis/arthritis *(4-8 week old)* *sensitive* * Generalised form (hydropericardium) *sensitive* * Runting-stunting syndrome; poult enteritis & mortality (Helicopter disease) *resistant* ## Footnote *Orthoreovirus spp.*
56
*64. Bluetongue.*
* Bluetongue virus (BTV) [N]​ * 29 serotypes, in France * Midges Sheep,Young/ Prego/ Adult (diff CS) ## Footnote *Orbivirus spp.*
57
65. Epizootic haemorrhagic disease.
* Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) [N] USA, White tailed deer * Ibaraki Disease Japan, cattle, PM: striated muscle degeneration ## Footnote * Similar to bluetongue (but also transmitted by mosquito)* * Orbivirus spp.*
58
*66. African horse sickness, equine encephalosis.*
* African horse sickness [N] → AHSV * *Pulmonary form (peracute)* * *Cardiac, oedematic form (subacute)* * *Mixed form* * *Febrile form (chronic) (donkey & zebra)* Midges and mosquitoes 🦟, Vessel damage, vaccination * Equine encephalosis → EEV brain edema, abortion ## Footnote *Orbivirus spp.*
59
*67. Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro-disease).*
* Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) [N] * *Classical virulence strains* * *Very virulent strains* * *Attenuated vaccine strains* Layers, 2-8wks susceptible (BF), Vp2 neutralizing PO>GALT>Macrophage V> BF> 2nd V> B lymphocytes Vacc: Attenuated, inactivated, Immune complexes, Recombinant ## Footnote *Avibirnavirus spp.*
60
*68. Characteristics of influenza viruses, epidemiology of influenza (Zoon.).*
* Influenza virus A [Z] * Human influenza *(but also influenza B)* * Swine influenza * Equine influenza * Avian influenza: LPAI / HPAI ## Footnote * HA (haemagglutinin) determines the host _spectrum_; both HA & NA (neuraminidase) determine the _serotype_* * Alphainfluenzavirus spp.*
61
69. Swine influenza.
* Influenza virus A [Z] * Subtype H1N1 * Subtype H3N2 Pigs any age, low mortality, recover 1 week, permanent carrier ## Footnote *Alphainfluenzavirus spp.*
62
70. Equine influenza.
* Influenza virus A [Z] * **Subtype H3N8** * Subtype H7N7 Worse in donkeys, no long term carriage, strong interferon response, **NOTIFIABLE** ## Footnote *Alphainfluenzavirus spp.*
63
*71. Avian influenza.*
* Influenza virus A [N][Z] * ​Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI)= Resp, enteric, immunosuppression * High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI)= generalized, CNS, Haemorrhages * Subtype H5N1: necrotic pancreatis No vaccine allowed in europe ## Footnote *Alphainfluenzavirus spp.*
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*72. Rinderpest, peste des petits ruminants.*
* Rinderpest [N] → RPV * *Peracute (newborns)* * *Acute (classical) form*= febrile, erosive, enteric phases: **LSD BAD** * *Subacute (endemic) form* local breeds no diarrhea PM: **Zebra striping** * Peste des petits ruminants [N] → PDPRV Sheep & goat * *Peracute form*=(Goats: No diarrhea) * *Acute form* **LSD BAD** + Pneumonia * *Subacute form* | **LSD BAD**Lacrimation salivation depression bloody diarhhea anorexia ☠️ ## Footnote *Morbillivirus spp.*
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73. Canine distemper.
* Canine distemper virus (CDV), immunosuppression Eye, GIT, CNS, Fetus (transplacental), Skin, Resp | **E**very **G**ood **C**anine **F**eels **S**ick **R**apidly ## Footnote *Morbillivirus spp.*
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74. Diseases caused by Henipa viruses.
* Hendra virus (HeV) [Z] *(horse\*, human)* * Nipah virus (NiV) [Z] *(swine\*, dog, cat, human)* Australia, flying foxes,vasculitis, CNS & Resp signs, Vacc for Hendra ## Footnote * \*Source of human infection* * Henipavirus spp.* ParamyxoV
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75. Diseases caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza-3 virus.
* Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)1 PO> Rep in alveolar epi> allergic reaction> hyaline membrane> lung & SC emphysema * Bovine parainfluenza virus (BPIV)2 large farms, winter, hyaline membrane production, paired sera Cran lobe pneumonia ## Footnote *1Pneumovirus spp.; 2Respirovirus spp.*
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*76. Newcastle disease*
* Avian paramyxovirus (APMV) 1 * *Velogenic strain (100% mortality if unvaccinated)* Viscerotropic (CNS,Resp, Enteric, haemorrhages) or neurotropic (resp, CNS) * *Mesogenic strain (\<10% mortality)* acute resp * *Lentogenic strain (no mortality)* mild respiratory (young) * *Apathogenic (no mortality)* F,M proteins; Vectors; No germinative; immunosuppression; IC & IV pathogenicity index ## Footnote *Avulavirus spp.*
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78. Avian metapneumovirus infections.
* Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) A, B, C\*, D * Turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) * Avian rhinotracheitis (ART) *(which may include SHS)* * Duck rhinotracheitis * Swollen head syndrome (SHS)= ART+E. Coli Growers, cilia atrophy> usually healing> if not viraemia without carriage, vaccine (cross protection between A & B) ## Footnote * \*Difficult to vaccinate against* * Metapneumovirus spp.*
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79. Diseases caused by Orthobunyaviruses (Zoon.).
* Akabane disease → AKAV Africa, Vertebrates, CS in Ru, Eq & Su carriers, Hu dead end, Midges, Fetal defects, V virulent: CNS in Adults * Schmallenberg disease → SBV Europe, Sheep, Midges, V hides in fetus *Sheep* 30-50d: congenital disorders, abortion *Cattle *< 90d: CNS defects, >100d: joint, muscle defects ; >6m: mild defects * Aino disease [Z] → Aino virus (AINOV) ## Footnote *Orthobunyavirus spp.*
71
*80. Rift Valley fever and Nairobi sheep disease.*
* Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) [N][Z]1 Lethal, moquistoes & contact, Resp & GI **M**M, **C**NS, **B**V & **F**etus => Abortion in all cases, **H**epatocytes **M**anav **C**an **B**e **F**ucking **H**orny * Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDv) [Z]2 **RAD**: resp, abortion, (Bloody) Diarrhea LIVER!!!! ## Footnote *1Phlebovirus spp.; 2Orthonairovirus spp.*
72
*81. Vesicular stomatitis, ephemeral fever.*
* Vesicular stomatitis → Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) [Z]1 * *Indiana strain* * *New Jersey strain* Black flies, Eq, wild animals maintain, Season, long sero imunity BUT** short clinical protection** * Ephemeral fever → Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV)2 Cattle, Mosquitoes, NO contact, Viraemia via leukocytes, long immunity, Resp signs ## Footnote *1Vesiculovirus spp.; 2Ephemerovirus spp. (Both Rhabdoviridae)*
73
*82. Rabies*
* Rabies virus (RV)[N][Z] * *Urban form* * *Sylvatic form* (europe) * *Bat form* * *EBLV (Europe) or ABLV (Australia)* * *Vampire bat rabies (Mexico/Argentina)* Prot: G,L,M,N,P; warm blooded animals, Bite> AchR of NMJ> retrograde transport with **dynein**> Brain(replication) >anterograde transport with **kinesin**> Saliva, cornea, skin, organs, fetus **NO VIRAEMIA**& Ly cannot cross BBB Incub: 2-8wks Dumb: Horse, Dog & Fox ## Footnote * May appear as furious or silent rabies; presence of Negri bodies in cells* + Babes nodules (microglial cell acc) * Lyssavirus spp.*
74
84. Borna disease, avian diseases caused by bornaviruses.
* Borna disease virus (BoDV) 1 & 2 SHeep & Cat> horse> cattle, Hu * Avian bornavirus (ABV) → Proventricular dilation disease (PDD) undigested smelly feces ## Footnote *Orthobornavirus spp.*
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85. General characteristics and grouping of retroviruses.
* α-retrovirus → "Avian" *(birds)* - Avian leukosis-sarcoma virus * β-retrovirus → "BAAH" *(sheep)* - OPA (Ov. pulm. adenomatosis) * γ-retrovirus → "Gato" *(cat)* (Feline leukosis / Feline sarcoma) * δ-retrovirus → "Dairy" *(cattle)* (Enzootic bovine leukosis) * Lentivirus → Maedi-vis.; Eq. infectious anaemia; Cap. arthritis encephalitis; FIV; BIV; HIV Enzymes: Reverse transcriptase; integrase; protease Surface proteins: Glycoprotein; transmembrane protein
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*86. Enzootic bovine leukosis.*
* Bovine leukosis virus (BLV) * *Sporadic form (calf, non-infectious)* * *Enzootic form (infectious)* Gp51, Rep in B lymphocytes, good maternal immunity *Deltaretrovirus spp.* Incubation phase (seroconversion) → Pre-tumour phase (lymphocytosis) → Tumour phase lymphosarcoma & CS ​Seen in Friesian cattle from the Baltic area
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87. Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis.
* Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus (OPAV) No metastasis, no Ab, No viraemia ​*Betaretrovirus spp.*
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88. Feline leucosis and acquired immune deficiency of cats.
* Feline leukosis virus (FeLV) **A**, B, C & T1 Rep in :**HEL** ==> **h**ematopoeitic, **e**pithelial & **l**ymphoid tissue tumors: lymphosarcoma or myeloproliferative leukosis Vaccine!! * Feline AIDS → Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)2 CD4+ T cell damage, immunosuppression, Aneamia, stomatitis, encephalitis * Viraemic phase → Asymptomatic → Persistent viraemia phase (chronic)* * 1Gammaretrovirus spp.; 2Lentivirus spp.*
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89. Avian leucosis and reticuloendotheliosis.
* Leucosis-sarcomatosis virus1 complex * ​***L**ymphoid leukosis form (most common)*= B cells, anemia * ***E**rythroblastosis form* * ***M**yeloblastosis form* * ***J-**subtype (highly virulent)*= meat type lesions: joints, bone, cartilage * **F**ibrosarcoma * **R**ous sarcoma p27, p85 * Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) A & T2 * *​Acute tumour form* * *Chronic tumour form* * *Stunted growth form* CNS, Abnormal feathers & growth retardation | Elisa makes Lunch For Ru & Justin ## Footnote *1Alpharetrovirus spp. 2Gammaretrovirus spp.*
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90. Maedi-visna.
* Maedi-Visna virus (MV) * *​Maedi (more frequent; 3-4 year-olds)* : Resp * *Visna (less frequent; \>2 year-olds)*: CNS ## Footnote *Lentivirus spp.*
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91. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis.
* Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) * Arthritis *(more freq., \> 1 year old)* * Encephalitis *(less freq., 2-4 mo. old)* ## Footnote *Lentivirus spp.*
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*92. Equine infectious anaemia.*
* Equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV)** [N]** * *​Coggins test is used only for this virus* Rep in BM, macrophages, lymphocytes, liver, spleen, lnn --> hemolysis Ab against p90 petechial bleeding, hypertrophic heart ## Footnote *Lentivirus spp.*
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*94. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, feline spongiform encephalopathy (Zoon)*
* BSE * *Classical BSE prion* * *Atypical BSE prion (spontaneous, rare)* * FSE * *Cats between 2-5 years* * *Big cats in zoos*
84
*93. Infectious encephalopathies, scrapie, encephalopathy of minks.*
* PrP Prion *(proteinaceous infectious particle)* [N][Z] * Scrapie * *Typical* * *Atypical (not present in lymphatic tissues)*
85
*95. Anthrax (aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, post mortem lesions in different host species).*
* *Bacillus anthracis* * *Virulence factors: Capsule; cell wall; oedema factor; lethal factor* * *Ascoli test: Only used to diagnose anthrax* * *Vaccine is known as the "Sterne-strain"* * *Human forms: ​Cutaneous; pulmonary; gastrointestinal; sepsis*
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97. General characteristics of diseases caused by clostridia, grouping of the diseases.
1. **Enteral diseases:** *Cl. perfringens A → D (Toxins: α, β, ε & ι)* 2. **Intoxications:** Tetanus & botulism 3. **Gas gangrene** *(histotoxic)***:** Blackleg, bradsot, Köves disease ## Footnote *"Clostridia **Enter In Gang**s"*
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98. Malignant oedema.
* ***C. septicum** (carbohydrate fermentation & gas production)* * *C. novyi A & B (lipase)* * *C. histiolyticum (protease)*
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99. Blackleg.
* *Clostridium chauvoei* * *​Carbohydrate fermentation* Cattle endogenous, Large muscles
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100. Bradsot of sheep and Köves-disease of swine.
* *Clostridium septicum* → * Bradsot (braxy) * Köves disease of swine
90
101. Infectious necrotic hepatitis, bacillary haemoglobinuria caused by *Clostridium haemolyticum.*
* *Cl. novyi B* → Inf. necrotic hepatitis (black disease)*​* alpha toxin * *Normally sheep 1-4 years old* * *Predisposition: Liver flukes* * *Cl. haemolyticum* → Bac. haemoglobinuria (red water disease) * *β-toxin: Phospholipase C* * meat cattle
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102. Lamb dysentery and struck.
* *Cl. perfringens B* → Lamb dysentery * *β-toxin: Trypsin-sensitive; ↑ blood vessel permeability* * *Cl. perfringens C* → Struck * *β-toxin* * *​Gut epithelium necrosis* * *Blood vessel damage* * *Enterotoxaemia*
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103. Necrotic enteritis of piglets.
* *Cl. perfringens C* * *​*α toxins * β toxins <1 wks, rep SI, Tube like jejunum
93
104. Enterotoxaemia of sheep and goats.
* *Cl. perfringens D*/ "Pulpy kidney disease" * *α toxins* * ***ε toxins** (activated by trypsin)* * *Lambs & kids 6 - 12 months old* * neuro signs * glucosuria * *Cl. difficile* * *​α toxins (tissue damage)* * *β toxins (necrosis)*
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105. Necrotic enteritis and ulcerative enteritis of chicken.
* *Cl. perfringens A & C* → Necrotic enteritis * *Toxins: α, β, ι (iota)* * *Cl. colinum →* Ulcerative enteritis (adult) | NO vaccine ## Footnote *Seen in younger birds*
95
106. Tyzzer disease and gangrenous dermatitis of poultry.
* Tyzzer's disease → *Cl. piliforme* * *Intracellular; spore-forming* * *​Dog, cat, foal, rabbit* * *Giemsa; silver impregnation* * Gangrenous dermatitis * *Cl. septicum* * *Cl. perfringens A* * *Staph. aureus*
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107. Tetanus.
* *Cl. tetani* * *​General form (descendent) Spasms begin on head* * *Local form (ascendent) Spasms begin at wound* Horses+++, tetanospamin, inhibition of GABA release in UMN, agent detection in the **wound**
97
108. Botulism.
* *Cl. botulinum* * *​A, B, E, F: Humans* * *C & D: Animals* * *Toxins activated by trypsin* *The bacterium isn't involved in pathogenesis → **ONLY TOXIN*** Inhibition of Ach release from inhibitory & excitory neurons
98
109. Streptococcosis of swine.
* Pyogenic *Streptococcus spp.* * ***​S. suis****: Capsule; haemolysin; surface proteins (VFs)* * *S.* *porcinus: LN abscessation (growers & fatteners)* * S. *dysgalactiae* * *Asymptomatic form* * *Local purulent lesions form* * *Septicaemia form* Lameness, Abortion, Meningoencephelitis, endocarditis | **LAME**
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110. Strangles.
* *Steptococcus equi subsp. equi* * *​Factors: Capsule; EC enzymes; pyrogens; M protein* * *Foals 6 -24 mo.* * *Sometimes subsp. zooepidemicus (mild form)*
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111. Diseases of farm animals caused by staphylococci (rabbit, swine, poultry).
* Morel's disease → *S. aureus subsp. anaerobius1* * Rabbit pneumonia → *S. aureus subsp. aureus1* * Exudative dermatitis of pigs → S. hycius2, 3 * Poultry staphylococcosis **(SAD)** → *S. aureus* & *S. intermedius1* * ***S**epticaemia form: Omphalitis & embryonic death* * ***A**rthritis form* * ***D**ermatitis form* ​*Virulence factors: 1Coagulase; 2exfoliative toxin; 3hyaluronidase haemolysins; leukocidins; enterotoxin*
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112. Erysipelas (Zoon.).
* *Erysipelathrix rhusiopathiae* * *Acute septicaemia* * *Subacute septicaemia: Diamond skin disease* * *Chronic*PM: endocarditis, kidney infarts facultative intracellular Mammals, small herds, asymptomatic carraige of pig: tonisls/ mammals: GI tract Vaccine Sows ## Footnote *Virulence factors: **Capsule**; neuraminidase; hyaluronidase; coagulase*
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113. Listeriosis (Zoon.).
* *Lysteria monocytogenes [Z]* * *Lysteria ivanovii* [Z] Mammals & bird, atypical & typical infection **PUUBB**= Parenchymal O, udder, uterus, brain & blood PM: listeriomas dont use vaccine | **no animal - animal transmission** ## Footnote *Virulence factors: Phospholipase; haemolysin; lipoids*
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114. Diseases of farm animals caused by corynebacteria.
* *Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis1, 2, 3**​* * Caseous lymphadenitis of sheep & goat: nitrate negative Abcesses **L**ung, **L**nn, **L**iver * Ulcerative lymphangitis of horse : nitrate positive, arthropods can spread, abscess & edema * Oedematous skin disease of buffalo * Bovine pyelonephritis: ascending after calving * *Corynebacterum renale* * *Corynebacterium pilosum* * *Corynebacterium cystitidis* *Virulence factors: 1Toxin (phospholipase D); 2mycolic acid; 3lipids*
104
*115. Bovine tuberculosis (aetiology, epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, zoon.).*
* *Mycobacterium bovis* * *Mycobacterium caprae* * *(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)* 1. Primary focus 2. Early generalisation 3. Post-primary phase 4. Exhaust phase **PERFECT**Pulmonary, Epidimitis, Renal, Female G, Enlarged Lnn, CNS, PM: Tubercles * Antigens: Lipoproteins glycolipids* * ZN+; Acid & alcohol fast*
105
*116. Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, praeallergy, anergy, parallergy and their diagnosis in practice. Risk of reinfection (Zoon).*
* Allergic test: Tuberculin test *(Type 4 hypersensitivity)* * Cellular immune response: γ-interferon test; Lymphocyte proliferation test * Humoral immune response: ELISA for antibodies * **Praeallergy:** Ø Reaction - Old isolated infection * **Anergy:** Form of tolerance where there is Ø reaction * **Parallergy:** Reaction because of a different *Mycobacerium spp.* * **Reinfection:** Can happen s**poradically**
106
*117. Mycobacterium diseases of pigs (Zoon.).*
* *Mycobacterium bovis* * *Mycobacterium c**aprae*
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118. Fowl tuberculosis.
* *M. avium subsp. avium* * *M. avium subsp. silvaticum* → Wild birds * *M. tuberculosis* → Caged birds Old backyard poultry PO → replication in gut - Payer patches (lymphoid tissue) → blood → generalization → whole body → (Ø lnn in birds  return into blood) → returning bacteremia !
108
*119. Paratuberculosis.*
* *M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis* "*​​Johne's disease"* * ***​​Obligate** pathogen* * *Requires **mycobactin** to grow (cell wall extract of other mycobacteria)* * *Infection at 0-6 months old → CSx appear at 2-5 years* * *2 phases:* * *Tuberculoid (Ø CSx)* * *Lepromatous (CSx present)*
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120. Actinomycoses, nocardioses.
* *Actinomyces bovis1* → * Lumpy jaw *(bo.)* * Udder actinomycosis *(su.)* * *Actino**baculum** suis* → Sow pyelonephritis * *Actinomyces hordeovulneris2* → Canine actinomycosis * *Actinomyces israelii1* → Ho **granulomas** * *Nocardia asteroides* * *​Ca.: Thoracic, cutaneous or disseminated form* * *Bo.: Granuloma of lymph vessels & nodes (thickens)* udder- chronic mastitis ## Footnote *1Obligate anaerobic; 2Facultative anaerobic*
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121. Diseases caused by Rhodococcus equi and dermatophilosis.
* Purulent bronchopneumonia → *Rhodococcus equi* * 1-4 months old- only foals shed * 10% morb., 80% mort. * GI or Inhalation= resp, no GI signs, lameness, abortion, absessces * Dermatophilosis → *Dermatophilus congolensis* * * Capnophile * *Zoospores (can survive 3 years in scabs)* * *1 month incubation* * *15% mortality in calf & lamb* * sheep & horses
111
122. General characteristics of diseases caused by *Escherichia coli.*
* Antigens *("Oliver killed five hamsters")*OR OK He Farts * **O:** Cell wall antigen * **K:** LPS * **F:** Fimbriae * **H:** Flagella * Strains *(NEEEVS)* * **N**ecrotoxigenic (NTEC) * **E**nteropathogenic (EPEC) * **E**nterotoxigenic (ETEC) * **E**nteroinvasive (EIEC) * **V**erotoxigenic (VTEC) * **S**epticaemic (SEPEC) * Toxins: * LT-toxin: Fluid hypersecretion into intestine * ST-toxin: Fluid hypersecretion into s. intestine & inhibits fluid absorption Virulence factors: (FECES) * **F**imbria * **E**nterotoxin * **C**apsule * **E**xotoxins * **S**urvival in blood
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123. Diseases of cattle caused by Escherichia coli.
* Coli septicaemia of calves → Septicaemic *E. coli* * Coli diarrhoea of calves → Enterotoxigenic *E. coli* * *​ST-toxin* * Calf dysentery → Verotoxigenic *E. coli*
113
124. Diarrhoeal diseases of swine caused by Escherichia coli.
* Enterotoxigenic *E. coli* → * Coli diarrhoea of newborn piglets (F4,6): <1wk * Coli diarrhoea of weaned piglets (*F18)* weaning, VTEC & CNF sometimes * Verotoxigenic * Edema Disease ## Footnote *Both have LT & ST toxin*
114
125. Oedema disease of swine.
* Verotoxigenic *E. coli* strains * *F18 toxin* * *Verotoxin VT2v (inhibits protein synthesis)* * *Occurs 1-2 weeks after weaning*
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126. *Escherichia coli* diseases in poultry.
* APEC - Avian pathogenic *E. coli (Which is **septicaemic**)* * ​Remember *"Chicken PIE"* for the routes of infection * **​P:** PO/Percutaneous * **I:** Inhalation * **E:** Embryonic * Day-old: Omphalitis; enteritis; fibrinous pericarditis * Adults: Septicaemia; fibrinous pericarditis; peritonitis
116
*127. Salmonella diseases of swine.*
* Swine typhoid* → *S. Typhisuis*= diarrhea + coughing; Large intestines * Swine paratyphoid* → *S. Cholerasuis*, *Typhimurium &* *Derby*= Small intestines * Typhlocolitis → *S. Typhimurium* : Large intestines * Asymptomatic carriage → * S. Typhimurium & Derby *Seen during weaning age Note: Typhoid is **chronic**, paratyphoid is **acute!**
117
128. Salmonellosis of cattle.
* *S. Dublin (highest in UK)* * *S. Typhimurium* * *S. Newport* young: enteric adult: Joints, udder, fetus ## Footnote *Most frequent at 2-6 weeks old*
118
129. Salmonellosis of small ruminants and horses.
* Small Ruminants: * Generalised w/ fever → *S. Typhimurium, Dublin, Enteritidis* * Abortion form *(winter)* → *S. Abortusovis* * Horses * *Enteric form, foal septicaemia* → *S. Typhimurium*, *Agona* * *​Abortion form* → *S. Abortusequi*
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*130. Fowl typhoid.*
* ***S. Gallinarum*** * *S. Pullorum* * *May be spread by red mites & rodents* *Double mortality curve* * ***Vertical** infection 2-5 days* * ***Horizontal** infection at 21-28 days* young: omphalitis, white diarrhea, resp & arthritis adults: peritonitis, diarrhea, anemia, arthritis | **Notifiable** in some countries
120
*131. Fowl paratyphoid (Zoon.).*
* *S. Enteritidis* * *S. Typhimurium* * *S. Kentucky* ## Footnote *Non-host-adapted Salmonellae; seen \< 2 weeks old*
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*132. ........Salmonella reduction programs, and their control.* Control of Salmonella carriers: Broiler flocks
Farmer: Within 3 weeks before slaughter only Official vet: * 2 pairs of boot samples * One flock per farm/year (if farm size is \<500 birds)*
122
*132. ........Salmonella reduction programs, and their control.* Control of Salmonella carriers: Laying flocks
Farmer: * Day 0 sample * Day 5 sample (dead) * 2 weeks before laying *(2 pairs of boot samples)* * Every 15 weeks of laying Official vet: * 2 pairs of boot samples + dust sample * One flock per farm (if farm size is \<1000 birds)*
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*132. ........Salmonella reduction programs, and their control.* Control of Salmonella carriers: Breeding flocks
Farmer: 1. Day 0 sample 2. Day 5 sample *(dead)* 3. Week 4 sample *(faeces)* 4. 2 weeks before laying *(faeces)* 5. Every 2 weeks of laying *(faeces & dead eggs)* ​Official Vet 1. First 4 weeks of laying 2. Middle of laying 3. Last 8 weeks of laying
124
*132. Reduction of Salmonella carriage of poultry, salmonella reduction programs, and their control.*
* Asymptomatic Salmonella carriage of poultry [Z] * *S. Infantis* * *S. Typhimurium & S. Enteritidis* → Broilers are vaccinated Breeders tested for: S. Typhimurium & S. Enteritidis + S. Infantis, S. Hadar, S. Virchow
125
133. Yersinioses: rodentiosis and diseases caused by Yersinia enterocolitica (Zoon.).
* Rodentiosis (pseudotuberculosis) [Z] → *Yersinia pseudotuberculosis* * Arthritis & diarrhea in birds * Necrosis & haemorrhages * Fibrinous enteritis [Z]→ *Yersinia enterocolitica* * Pigs maintaining hosts: diarrhea, fever, arthritis * rodents most susceptible for both ## Footnote *Both cause diarrhoea & bovine abortion*
126
134. Necrobacillosis and panaritium of ruminants.
* Necrobacillosis1, 2 * *Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. Necrophorum* * *Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. Fundiliforme* * *Young animals only; affects wounds and the **navel***="liver abcess" * Calf diphtherya → *Fusobacterium necrophorum (resp signs)* * Panaritium1, 3(fimbria) → *Dichelobacter nodosus* ## Footnote *1Proteases; 2haemolysin; 3keratinase; strict anaerobes*
127
135. Respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle.
* Form: BRDC *("Shipping fever")* * *Pasteurella multocida* A * *Mannheimia haemolytica* A1 & A2 Inhalation->URT colonization ->predisposing (respi virus !)->M. hemolytica to lungs-> leukotoxin release --> alveolar macrophages lysis, endothel damage --> prostaglandin production, mediator release --> attract more immune cells --> thrombi formation -->necrosis, inflammation in lungs !! Interstitial **then** fibrinous pneumonia !! Histo: **oat cell** aspect ## Footnote *1-3 months old*
128
136. Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle.
* *Pasteurella multocida B:2 & E:2* * *Mannheimia haemolytica* edema, dyspnea, diarrhea & pneumonia in subacute mostly ## Footnote *Occurs after a monsoon or exhausting work; 6 month - 1 year old*
129
137. Pasteurellosis of sheep and goats.
*1P. multocida A; 2M. haemolytica A1, A2, A6; 3Bibersteinia trehalosi* * Sheep forms: 1. Respiratory1, 2 *(1-5 months)* = P. multocida, M. hemolytica 2. Septicaemia *(\< 3 months)* = M. hemolytica ! (P. multocida in tropical areas)/ meninges & joints 3. *Mastitis* = M. hemolytica (leukotoxin) 4. *Acute systemic3 (3-12 months)*= B. trehalosi * Goat forms: 1. Pleuropneumonia1, 2 2. Septicaemia of kids 3. *Mastitis* 4. *Acute systemic3*
130
138. Pasteurellosis of swine and rabbits.
* Pasteurella multocida A * Pneumonia (growers) * Atrophic rhinitis (swine) * Snuffles (in 2-3 month-old rabbits) → *Otitis interna*, lacrimation, nasal discharge * Pasteurella multocida B:2 * Acute haemorrhagic septicaemia
131
*139. Atrophic rhinitis of swine.*
* Non-progressive form → *Bordetella bronchiseptica* * *Mild turbinate atrophy (reversible)* * Progressive form → *Pasteurella multocida A/D* * *Osteoblast damage (irreversible)* * Dermonecrotoxin * Diag: toxin detection * Vacc inactivated toxin ## Footnote *Deformation is seen \> 3 months old*
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140. Fowl cholera.
* *Pasteurella multocida A* * Forms: * High virulence: Acute fowl cholera **CHER**: CNS, Haemorrhages, Enteric, resp * Low virulence: Mild CSx/chronic/asymptomatic *Summer/autumn; Mainly waterfowl; Susceptibility increases with age; Exponential mortality curve*
133
141. Anatipestifer disease and disease caused by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale.
* Anatipestifer disease → *Riemerella anatipestifer* *(ducks \< 2 months mainly)* * *Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (2-8 week-old broilers/turkeys)* * *​Tracheal mucous accumulation* * *Air sacculitis*
134
*142. Tularaemia (Zoon.).*
* *Francisella tularensis ssp. tularensis1 (CSx)* * *Francisella tularensis ssp. **holarctica**1 (usually asymptomatic)* * *Francisella tularensis ssp. novicida* ## Footnote *Spread by rodents & wild rabbit; CSx in sheep, horse, piglet; abortion in ruminants; tick-borne; 1Northern hemisphere only*
135
143. Actinobacillosis of horses.
* Septicaemia of newborn foals= kidney & lungs * Pyosepticaemia of adult horses= edema (endotoxin effect) * *Actinobacillus equuli subsp. Equuli* * *Actinobacillus equuli subsp. Haemolyticus*
136
144. Actinobacilloses of ruminants.
* *Actinobacillus lignieresii* → Timber tongue * *Actinobacillus seminis* → * Infertility * Orchitis * Epididymitis * *Actinobacillus suis*
137
*145. Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia of swine.*
* *Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae* * ***​Biotype 1: High morb. & mort*** * *Biotype 2: Low morb. & mort* * *Resp. signs only*, rare hemato genous spread * Remains carrier * *Actinobacillus suis* * *​Septicaemia; nephritis; abortion; metritis; arthritis*
138
146. Porcine polyserositis (Glässer’s disease).
* *Glaesserella parasuis* * *​1-2 month-old piglet* * *Septicaemia → Meninges, joints & serosa*
139
147. Infectious coryza of poultry.
* *Avibacterium paragallinarum A, B, C* * *​More frequent in tropical countries; onset with laying* * *Sudden appearance; 100% morbidity, low mortality* * *Susceptibility increases with age*
140
148. Diseases of cattle and sheep caused by Histophilus somni.
* Cattle * Septicaemia → Thrombus formation → Organs​ * *Resp. signs* * *Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis* * *Abortion* * Rams * Ascending infection from infected semen * *Orchitis* * *Epididymitis* ## Footnote *Part of the BRDC complex*
141
149. Contagious equine metritis.
* *Taylorella equigenitalis* * *​Ascending infection; asymptomatic stallions*
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150. Diseases caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica, avian bordetellosis, bartonelloses.
* *Bordetella bronchiseptica* * ​Causes kennel cough alongside: CPIV-2 & CAdV-2 * Causes atrophic rhinitis in swine * Causes sneezing disease in cats * Maintained by: Swine, cats, rabbits * *Bordetella avium* → Avian rhinotracheitis * 2-6 week-old turkey/chicken; High morb., low mort. * Bartonellosis *(generally vector-borne; replicate in RBCs)* * *B. henselae (Fe., Ho.)* * *B. bovis (Bo.)* * *B. vinsonii subsp. Berkhoffi (Ca.)*
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151. Infectious keratoconjuctivitis of cattle.
* *Moraxella bovis1, 2, 3, 4, 5* * *Moraxella ovis1, 2* * *Moraxella lacunata* ## Footnote *1Fimbria; 2haemolysin; 3protease; 4lipase; 5phospholipase*
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*152. General characterisation and epidemiology of brucellae (Zoon.). Swine brucellosis (Zoon.).*
* **Köster staining**; Chronic; Intracellular * Abortion, epididymitis, orchitis * Most important bacteria: * **Brucella melitensis:* Ov., Cap. * **Brucella abortus:* Bo. * **Brucella canis:* Ca. * *Brucella ovis:* Ov. * Swine brucellosis * **Brucella suis* * *Wild swine populations mostly* * *Vertebral body deformities* ## Footnote *\*Notifiable*
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*153. Bovine brucellosis, eradication, maintenance of brucella free herds (Zoon.).*
* *Brucella abortus & melitensis → Abortion at 6-8 months* * *Brucella suis → Udder* * Serology: Rose-bengal test; ABR test *(Brucella milk ring test)* * Eradication: * Herd replacement \> Generation shift \> Selection * Ø Vaccination (brucella-free countries) → Persistent lifelong antibodies * Prevention: \>30 days quarantine (2x tests); regular serology of herd
146
*154. Disease of sheep caused by Brucella ovis.*
* *Brucella ovis* → * Ram: Permanent infection → Infertility, epididymitis & orchitis * Ewe: Temporary infection → Abortion
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*155. Brucellosis of sheep and goats caused by Brucella melitensis, canine brucellosis.*
* *Brucella melitensis* [Z] * Females: Abortion storm * Males: Orchitis, epididymitis * *Brucella canis* [Z] * Females: Abortion, repro. failures, ↓ litters * Males: Infertility, prostatitis orchitis; Scrotal dermatitis * Found in America, Asia & Africa * May also shed *B. melitensis, abortus* and *suis*
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*156. Glanders and melioidosis (Zoon.).*
* Glanders *(Farcy)* [N][Z]→ *Burkholderia mallei1* * *​Found in Asia, Africa & S. America* * *Horse: Granulomas → Ulceration & necrosis* * *Donkey & cat: Acute septicaemia; pneumonia* * *Dx: Allergic test: Mallein-PPD (Ag) on skin* * Melioidosis [Z] → *Burkholderia pseudomallei2* * *​Ru. & Su. also susceptible* * *Chronic: CNS signs* ## Footnote *1Obligate pathogenic; 2facultative pathogenic*
149
157. Diseases of ruminants caused by campylobacters.
* Bovine genital campylobacteriosis* *(beef)* → * ***Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis*** * *Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus* * *Campylobacter jejuni* * Abortion of sheep & goat → * ***Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus*** * *Campylobacter jejuni* * *Young ewes more susceptible* ## Footnote **Only spreads venereally*
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*158. Diseases of birds, dogs and cats caused by campylobacters (Zoon.).*
* Birds * *C. jejuni** * C. hepaticus → Campylobacter hepatitis of poultry * *C. lari* * *​Dogs & cats* * *​C. jejuni → Diarrhoea in young animals* *​*Importance in public health* ----- OFF TOPIC ----- * C. coli* → Su. * C. jejuni → Bo. abortion, mastitis & diarrhoea of calves
151
159. Proliferative enteropathies of swine.
* *Lawsonia intracellularis (**Piglets**, Foal., Ca., rodent)**​* * *Necrotic enteritis (necrosis)* * *Intestinal adenomatosis* * *Regional ileitis (thicker muscle)* * *Proliferative haemorrhagic enteropathy (thicker mucosa)* ## Footnote *Chronic form: At weaning; Acute form: 4-12 months old*
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160. General characterisation and grouping of spirochaetes, avian borreliosis.
* Spiral-shaped; peptidoglycan cell wall; periplasmic flagella * Giemsa; silver impregnation * Important genera: * *Borrelia spp.* * *Brachyspira spp.* * *Treponema spp.* * *Leptospira spp.**​* * *Borellia anserina* → Avian spirochaetosis * *Tick-borne/direct; mostly tropical*
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*161. Lyme borreliosis (Zoon.) and rabbit syphilis.*
* Lyme Borreliosis [Z] → *Borellia burgdorferi, afzelii & garinii* * *Changes its antigens in response to immune attack* * *Immune complexes → Joints, CNS & eye* * *Dx: Dark-field/phase contrast microscopy* * Rabbit syphilis → *Treponema paraluiscunniculi* * *​Venereal/milk infection* * *Mostly local lesions on mucosa; rarely myelitis*
154
*162. Swine dysentery, intestinal spirochaetosis of swine and birds.*
* Swine dysentery* *→ Brachyspira hyodysenteriae* * Intestinal spirochaetosis → * Swine: *Brachyspira pilosicoli* * Birds: *Brachyspira pilosicoli, alvinipulli, hyodysenteriae* ## Footnote **CSx only seen after weaning*
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163. Epidemiology of leptospira infections (Zoon.), leptospirosis of horses and dogs.
* Shedding in urine & semen; Abortive; prefers warm & wet climates * Can "drill" into the skin; **Young** animals; Dark-field/silver impregnation * Equine leptospirosis *(→ eye "moon blindness" & meninx)* * *Leptospira grippotyphosa1* * *Leptospira pomona2* * *Leptospira bratislava* * *Canine leptospirosis* * *Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae1* → Young; acute * *​Leptospira canicola3* → Old; chronic ## Footnote *Carriage in the kidneys; Maintaining host: 1Rodent; 2swine; 3dog*
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164. Leptospira diseases of cattle.
* *Leptospira Grippotyphosa1* * *Leptospira Pomona2* * ***Leptospira Hardjo****3 (titre is too low to perform ELISA)* ## Footnote *Weather changes; maintaining host: 1Rodent; 2swine; 3Cattle*
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*165. Leptospirosis swine.*
* ***Leptospira Pomona*** * ***Leptospira Tarassovi*** * *Leptospira Bratislava* *Highly foetopathogenic; Swine are the only maintaining hosts*
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166. General characterisation of mycoplasmas, mycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma bovis.
* Ø Cell wall ∴ Ø Penicillin; Immunosuppressive * They have blocking receptors → Delay Ig production * Affects respiratory or urogenital tract * Clinical signs: **MAKPS** * *Mycoplasma bovis* * *​*Abortion & BRDC * **M**astitis; **a**rthritis; **k**eratitis; **p**neumonia; **s**epticaemia
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*167. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.*
* *Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides* [N] * ​African variant *(more virulent; acute)* * European variant *(less virulent; chronic)* * ***A**rthritis; **P**neumonia (marble-like lungs); **S**epticaemia* Ø indirect spread, long carriage, T1/44 vaccine ## Footnote *Only found in Africa & Asia; only treated in endemic areas; Ov. & Cap. can be asymptomatic; 100% morb. & 10-70% mort.*
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168. Mycoplasma diseases of small ruminants.
* Contagious goat pleuropneumonia * *M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae* * *Middle East; Africa; Asia; Asymptomatic sheep* * 100% morb., **60-100% mort.** * Contagious agalactia of sheep & goat * *M. agalactiae* * *Mediterranean, Middle East, S. America, Hungary* * ***MAKPS***
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*169. Mycoplasma diseases of swine*
* *Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae* → Mycoplasma pneumonia * *​High morb., low mort.; 3-6 months old; Autumn/winter* * *Limited to the lungs; Immunosuppressive* * *Mycoplasma hyorhinis (weaners)* → Polyserositis, arthritis, bacteraemia * *Mycoplasma suis (growers) →* Arthritis & septicaemia
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170. Chronic respiratory disease of poultry (mycoplasmosis), infectious synovitis.
* Chronic resp. disease of poultry * *Mycoplasma gallisepticum* * *Mycoplasma synovae (infectious synovitis)* * *Horizontal/vertical infection* * *High morb., med. mort.* * *Varied surface protein expression → Resistance to* * *​Host immunity* * *Antibiotics*
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171. Mycoplasma diseases of turkey.
* *Mycoplasma meleagridis* → * **Day-old:** Air sacculitis, embryo mortality * **Young:** Air sacculitis; turkey syndrome 65 *(joint & vertebral problems)* * **Adult:** Asymptomatic * *Mycoplasma iowae* → * *Immunosuppressive; attach to intestinal villi → malfunction of absorption* * **Embryo:** Acute inflammation of CAM; mortality * **Chicks:** Stunting, poor feathering * **Adult:** Bone deformity & bursal atrophy ## Footnote *All vertical & horizontal transmission*
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172. Diseases of pigs and sheep caused by haemotropic mycoplasmae.
* Icteroanemia of swine → *Mycoplasma suis* * *​Transmission: Lice; cannibalism; intrauuterine* * *Partial RBC lysis → Phagocytosis → Immune reaction* * *​Agglutination of RBCs* * *RBCs block the small vessels* * Eperythrozoonosis of sheep → *Mycoplasma ovis* * *​Dx: Ø Isolation; Ø Serology* * *RBC damage → Phagocytosis → Anaemia* * *Submandibular & breast oedema*
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173. Diseases of cats and dogs caused by haemotropic mycoplasmae.
* Haemobartonellosis of cat * *Mycoplasma haemofelis* * *Mycoplasma haemominutum* * *1-3 years-old; fleas* * Haemobartonellosis of dog * *Mycoplasma haemocanis* * *Mycoplasma haemoparvum* * *Ticks* ## Footnote *RBC surface changes → Autoantibody production → Autoagglutination*
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174. Characterisation of chlamydiae, bovine chlamydioses (Zoon.).
* DNA & RNA; Intracellular * Cell wall; Double membrane; LPS antigens * Ziehl-Neelsen & giemsa stain * PO → Gut → Septicaemia * Bovine chlamydioses * *Chlamydia abortus (abortion)* * *Chlamydia pecorum (**MAPS**)* * *Chlamydia psittaci* * *Nervous form seen \< 6 months old* **MACEPS**
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*175. Chlamydial diseases of sheep (Zoon.).*
* ​*Chlamydia abortus (Ø NZ/Australia) → Abortion* * *​Young pregnant sheep (vaccinate them)* * *Chlamydia pecorum → Arthritis, conjuntivitis, enteritis* * *​Pneumonia: Few week-old lambs* PO → Gut → Septicaemia → Uterus; lungs; joints
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*176. Avian chlamydiosis (Zoon.).*
* *Chlamydia psittaci A → F [Z]* * *PO → Resp. & GI mucosa → Blood → Brain* * *Duck & goose (young)*; *Turkey (all ages)* * *Parrot: 30% mortality*
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*177. Q-fever (Zoon.).*
* *Coxiella burnetii* [N][Z] * Ziehl-Neelsen/Giemsa; Intracellular * Small cell variant → Large cell variant * Virulent strain; Avirulent strain * Rodents & birds → Ticks → Host → Septicaemia * Lungs; Uterus; Liver; Lymphoid * Abortion in last trimester **Ov.** \> Bo.
170
178. General characterisation of rickettsiae, heartwater.
* Rickettsiae * Intracellular parasites; Warm climate; Giemsa * Tick blood-sucking → Septicaemia → Endothelial damage → Circulation collapse * Heartwater [N] → *​Ehrlichia ruminantium* * *​Africa & Caribbean; Maintained by wildebeest* * Haemorrhages & CNS signs
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179. Canine ehrlichiosis, disease of horses and cattle caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Potomac horse fever.
* *Ehrlichia canis* → Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis * Carried for 2 years; Tick-borne; G. shepherd * *Anaplasma phagocytophilum* * Tick-borne fever of ruminants (pasture fever) * UK; Scandinavia; Europe * Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis * UK; Sweden; Switzerland; Eq., Ca. * \< 1 year old: Jaundice * \> 1 year old: Ataxia, vasculitis * *Neorickettsia risticii* → Potomac horse fever * N. America; France; Near rivers; Monocyte replication; 30% mort.; Fluke-borne ## Footnote *Septicaemia → BM, Endothel, lymphoid → Immunosuppression; Warm climates*
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180. Bovine anaplasmosis.
* *Anaplasma marginale &* *centrale (Bo.)* * *​America; Africa; India; Middle East* * *Replicates in monocytes* * *CSx: Similar to heartwater (fever; tremor; CNS)* ## Footnote *Older animals more severe; Tick-borne RBC infection → RBC phagocytosis → Anaemia*
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182. DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of cattle
Remember: **BOMB PARIS** 1. **B**RDC: *P. multocida, M. haemolytica, T. pyogenes, M. bovis* 2. **O**rthoreoviral pneumoenteritis 3. **M**alignant catarrhal fever 4. **B**luetongue 5. **P**arainfluenza-3 6. **A**denoviral pneumoenteritis 7. **R**inderpest 8. **I**nfectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) 9. **S**yncytial virus infection
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183. DDx of infectious enteric diseases of cattle
Remember: **SCREWY JACOB** 1. ***S**almonella spp.* 2. ***C**ampylobacter jejuni* 3. **R**otaviral enteritis 4. ***E**. coli* 5. **W**inter dysentery/Coronaviral enteritis 6. ***Y**ersinia enterocolitica* 7. **J**ohne's disease (paratuberculosis) 8. **A**denoviral pneumoenteritis 9. ***C**l. perfringens A* 10. **O**rthoreoviral enteritis 11. **B**VD
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184. DDx of infectious abortions of cattle
Think about **MICHAL's BBC** 1. **M**alignant catarrhal fever 2. **I**BR 3. **C**hlamydiosis 4. **H**istophilus 5. **A**kabane disease 6. **L**umpy skin disease 7. **B**VD/MD 8. **B**rucellosis 9. **C**ampylobacter
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185. DDx of bovine diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
Remember: **B** **BIRCH** * **B**VD * **B**SE * **I**nfectious bovine rhinotracheitis * **R**abies * **C**hlamydiosis * **H**istophilus
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186. DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of swine
Remember: **PAPPA PIGS** * **P**RDC * **A**trophic rhinitis * **P**RRS * **P**MWS * **A**ctinobacillus pleuropneumonia * **P**seudorabies * **I**nfluenza * **G**lässers * **S**wine fever *+ Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, hyorhinitis & hyosynoviae*
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187. DDx of infectious enteric diseases of swine
Swine enteric diseases are **CRYPTIC & SEPTIC** * ***C**l. difficile* * **Rotaviruses\*** * **Y**ersiniosis * **P**roliferative enteropathy * **TGE\*** * **I**ntestinal spirochaetosis * ***C**l. perfringens C* * **S**wine dysentery * **Epidemic diarrhoea\*** * **P**orcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis * **T**yphoid * **I**ntestinal salmonellosis * **C**oli enteritis \*Rota- & Coronavirus are most common
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188. DDx of infectious abortions of swine
Remember: **SERBIA** * **SMEDI (**PCV-2/PPV-1) * **E**rysipelas * **R**eproductive & respiratory syndrome * **B**rucellosis * **I**nfluenza * **A**ujeszky's (pseudorabies)
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189. DDx of porcine diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
Doctor's prescriptions have a **GP STAMP** * **G**lässers * **P**seudorabies/Rabies * **S**treptococcus suis * **T**eschen-Talfan * **A**SF/CSF * **M**ycoplasma hyorhinitis & hyosynoviae * **P**orcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis
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190. DDx of infectious abortions of horses
Horses behave like **CELEBS** * **C**hlamydiosis * **Equine herpesvirus-1\*** * **L**eptospirosis * **E**quine infectious arteritis * ***B**rucella abortus* * **S**almonellosis *Contagious equine metritis*
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191. DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of horses
Remember: **REHEARSE** your **GERM**s * **R**eovirus * **Equine influenza\*** * **H**endra virus * **Equine rhinitis virus\*** * **A**denovirus * **Rhinovirus\*** * ***S**trep. equi subsp. zooepidemicus* * **E**quine herpesvirus-1 & -4 * **G**landers * **E**quine infectious arteritis * ***Rhodococcus equi\**** * **M**elioidosis
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192. DDx of equine diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
*CNS-affected horses become a hideous **WRETCH*** * **W**NV * **R**abies * **Equine encephalitis viruses** * **T**ick-borne encephalitis * ***Clostridium tetani** & botulinum* * **H**erpesvirus-1 myeloencephalitis *Borna disease (sad horse disease)*
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193. DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of sheep and goats
Remember: **COMPACT MOB** * **C**ontagious goat pleuropneumonia * **O**vine pulmonary adenomatosis (Jaagsiekte) * **M**aedi-visna * **P**arainfluenza-3 * **A**denovirus *(pneumoenteritis)* * **C**hlamydiosis * **T**B * **M**ycoplasmosis * **O**rthoreovirus *(pneumoenteritis)* * **B**luetongue
185
194. DDx of ovine and caprine diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
Remember: **CCTV BRAWLS** * ***C**l. tetani & botulinum* * **C**aprine arthritis encephalitis virus * **T**ick-borne encephalitis * **V**isna * **B**order disease * **R**abies * **A**ujeszky's * **W**NV * **L**isteriosis * **S**crapie
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195. DDx of infectious abortions of sheep and goats
Remember: **BBC BELLS** * **B**luetongue * **B**rucellosis * ***Chylamydia abortus*** * **B**order disease * **E**. coli * **L**eptospirosis * **L**isteriosis * **S**chmallenberg virus + Q-fever; + Campylobacter; + Salmonella
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196. DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of poultry
Remember: **SPECIFICATION** * **S**wollen head syndrome (Avian metapneumovirus) * **P**oxvirus * ***E**. coli* * **C**hlamydiosis * **I**LT * **F**owl cholera * **I**B * **C**oryza * **A**natipestifer * **T**uberculosis * **I**nfluenza * **O**rnithobacterium * **N**ewcastle disease *+ Bordetella; +Mycoplasmosis*
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197. DDx of infectious enteric diseases of poultry
Remember: **PAINTED DUNG** * **P**aratyphoid * **A**natipestifer * **I**nfluenza * **N**ewcastle disease * **T**yphoid * ***E**. coli* * **D**erzsy's disease * **D**uck viral enteritis (duck plague) * **U**lcerative enteritis * **N**ecrotic enteritis * **G**umboro (IBDV)
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198. DDx of poultry diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
Remember: **DISBAND** * **D**erzsy's * **I**nfluenza * **S**almonellosis * **B**otulism * **A**natipestifer * **N**ewcastle disease * **D**uck viral enteritis (duck plague) *+ Avian encephalomyelitis; + Epidemic tremor; + Chlamydiosis; +Fowl cholera*
190
199. DDx of infectious diseases of poultry in the first 10 days of life
Chicks \<10 days old have little **TAPPERS** for feet * **T**yphoid * **A**vian encephalomyelitis, epidemic tremor * **P**aratyphoid * **P**oult enteritis-mortality syndrome (PEMS) * ***E**. coli* * **R**unting-stunting syndrome * ***S**taphylococcus spp.*
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200. DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of dogs
Remember: **THICK PANDA** * **T**uberculosis * **H**erpesvirus * **I**nfluenza * **C**oronavirus * **K**ennel cough * **P**arainfluenzavirus-2 * **A**denovirus-1 & -2 * **N**ocardiosis *(thoracic form)* * **D**istemper * **A**ctinomycosis *(thoracic form)*
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200. DDx of infectious enteric diseases of dogs
Remember: **SCRAP-HEAP** * **S**almonella * **C**oronavirus/Campylobacter/*Clostridium spp.* * **R**otavirus * **A**ujeszky's * **P**arvovirus-1&-2 * **H**erpesvirus * **E**. coli * **A**denovirus-1 * **P**arainfluenza *+ Distemper*
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201. DDx of canine infectious diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
Remember: **ARCADE** * **A**denovirus-1 * **R**abies * ***C**l. tetani & botulinum* * **A**ujeszky's * **D**istemper * **E**hrlichiosis *+ Parvovirus-1*
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202. DDx of feline infectious generalised diseases
* Calicivirus * Panleukopenia * FIP * FeLV (feline leukemia virus) * FIV
195
Components of Kennel cough
1. Canine adenovirus-2 (CAdV-2) 2. Canine influenza virus (CIV) 3. Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) 4. *Bordetella bronchiseptica*
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Components of BRDC/Shipping fever
1. ***Mannheimia haemolytica*** 2. ***Mycoplasma bovis*** 3. *Pasteurella multocida* 4. *Histophilus somni* 5. Adenovirus 6. Coronavirus

10th Semester Finals (3 decks)

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