Epidemiologic Risk Measures Flashcards

1
Q

Epidemiology

A

study of distribution and determinants of disease, injury or dysfunction

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2
Q

Public health problems or events Epidemiologists investigate

A
Environmental exposures
Infectious diseases
Injuries
Non-infectious diseases
Natural disasters
Terrorism
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3
Q

Descriptive epidemiologic study

A

Used when little is known about occurrence or determinant of health conditions

presented as case reports, correlational studies, or survey studies

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4
Q

Descriptive epidemiologic studies purposed to answer:

A

who experiences the disorder?

where is frequency highest or lowest?

When does the disorder occur most or least frequently?

Prevalence / Incidence

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5
Q

Prevalence

A

(# existing cases of a disease at a given point in time) / (total population at risk)

estimate of probability that an individual will have a particular disorder at that time

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6
Q

Point Prevalence

A

reflects cross sectional status of the population

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7
Q

Period prevalence

A

combines existing cases with new cases during the period of ONE YEAR

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8
Q

Incidence

A

Proportion reflecting # of new cases of a disorder relative to total population at a given time

estimate of risk of developing disease at that time

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9
Q

Cumulative Incidence

A

(# new cases at period of time) / (total population at risk)

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10
Q

Incidence Rate

A

(# new cases at period of time) / (total person - time)

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11
Q

considered a more efficient measure to allow inclusion of all subjects

A

Incidence rate

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12
Q

only accounts for subjects available for entire study period

A

Cumulative Incidence

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13
Q

Exploratory epidemiologic study

A

assess relationship between exposure and disease status

establishes if association exists and its strength

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14
Q

Exploratory epidemiologic studies presented as:

A

case control studies

cohort studies

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15
Q

Relative risk

A

incidence of disease amongst exposed
/
incidence of disease among unexposed

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16
Q

RR = 1

A

indicates exposure presents no excess risk

17
Q

RR > 1

A

indicates exposure presents increased risk

18
Q

RR < 1

A

indicates exposure presents decreased risk

19
Q

Odds Ratio

A

estimate of RR when RR isn’t appropriate

Used in case control study