Epidemiology

Question 1

•A study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to the prevention and control of health problems

Answer 1

Epidemiology

Question 2

•Concerned not only with death, illness and disability but also with more positive health states and most importantly, with the means to improve health

Answer 2

Epidemiology

Question 3

•Confidence in the conclusions drawn from the sample depends in part on the sample size

Answer 3

Defined Populatuion

Question 4

Answer 4

Search for causality

Question 5

Answer 5

determining natural history

Question 6

Answer 6

determinig health status of the population

Question 7

Answer 7

evaluation interventions

Question 8

• Measures and do not intervene
• DESCRIPTIVE – case report, case series
• ANALYTICAL – correlational, case-control, cohort

Answer 8

Observational

Question 9

•Randomized controlled trials

Answer 9

•Experimental or Interventional

Question 10

•people who are susceptible to a given disease and can be define by demographic, geographic or environmental factors

Answer 10

population at risk

Question 11

represents the rate of occurrence of new cases arising in a given period in a specified population

Answer 11

incidence

Question 12

•frequency of existing cases in a defined population at a given point in time

Answer 12

prevalence

Question 13

Expresses the risk of being ill

The main measure of acute disease or conditions, but also used for chronic diseases

More useful for studies of causation

Answer 13

incidence

Question 14

Estimates the probability of the population being ill at the period of time being studied

Useful in the study of burden of chronic diseases and implication for health services

Answer 14

prevelance

Question 15

Answer 15

prevelance

Question 16

•total # of cases at any time during a specified period divided by the number of cases at any time during a specified period, divided by the population at risk midway through the period

Answer 16

period prevalence rate

Question 17

Answer 17

Incidence

Question 18

Answer 18

cumulative incidence

Question 19

•measures the denominator only at the beginning of a study and is often presented as cases per 1000 population

Answer 19

cumulative incidence

Question 20

•A measure of disease severity and is defined as the proportion of cases with a specified disease or condition who die within a specified time

Answer 20

Case Fatality Rate

Question 21

•does not take into account that the chance of dying varies according to age, sex, race, socioeconomic class and other factors

Answer 21

crude mortality rate

Question 22

Answer 22

Age-Specific Death Rate

Question 23

Answer 23

Proportionate Mortality Rate

Question 24

•Ratio of the number of deaths from a given cause per 100 or 1000 total deaths in the same period

Answer 24

Proportionate Mortality Rate

Question 25

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Infant Mortality Rate

Question 26

Answer 26

Maternal Mortality Rate

Question 27

Varaibles used in interpreteing epidemiologic data?

Answer 27

Person, Place, Time

Question 28

* Most important factor * Show greater variation than rates defined by almost any other personal attribute

Answer 28

Age

Question 29

•a person’s income level, education level, and type of occupation

Answer 29

socioeconomic status

Question 30

•Gradual changes in the frequency of disease over long periods of time (chronic diseases)

Answer 30

Secular Changes

Question 31

•Increases and decreases in the frequency of the disease over a period of several years or within a year (many infectious diseases)

Answer 31

Cyclic (Seasonal) Trends

Question 32

•May indicate the response of a group of people circumscribed in place to a common source of infection, contamination, or other etiologic factor to which they were exposed almost simultaneously

Answer 32

Point Epidemics

Question 33

•a closely grouped series of events or cases of a disease or other health related phenomena with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both

Answer 33

Clustering