Epidemiology And Human Behaviour

Question 1

-It is the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases and injuries in human populations
-studies the patterns of disease occurrence in human populations and the factors that influence this pattern.

Answer 1

Epidemiology

Question 2

Unexpected INCREASE IN THE NUMBER of DISEASE CASES in a SPECIFIC geographical area.

Answer 2

Epidemic

Question 3

Disease outbreak that SPREADS ACROSS COUNTRIES or continents

Answer 3

Pandemic

Question 4

A disease outbreak when it is consistently present but LIMITED TO A PARTICULAR REGION

Answer 4

Endemic

Question 5

What is the goal of epidemiology

Answer 5

The ultimate goal is to use this knowledge control and PREVENT THE SPREAD OF DISEASE

Question 6

Used to test hypothesis, require more resources and specialized knowledge

Answer 6

Analytical studies

Question 7

Examine patterns of occurrence. Focus on place, person and time. Use relatively accessible data

Answer 7

Descriptive studies

Question 8

It is the number of events in a given population over a specific period or at a guven point in time

Answer 8

Rates

Question 9

The average annual number of births during a yr per 1000persons in the population at the mid yr

Answer 9

Crude birth rate

Question 10

The number of new cases of a disease in a population at risk in a given time period

Answer 10

Incidence rate

Question 11

The total number of cases of disease existing in a population

Answer 11

Prevalence rate

Question 12

The proportion of those who became ill after specified exposure

Answer 12

Attack rate

Question 13

The proportion of persons with a particular condition who die from that condition. The denominator is the number of incident cases; the numerator is the number of cause specific deaths among those cases

Answer 13

Case fatality rate

Question 14

A policy which means thata even if a community has no reported case of any of the notifiable diseases or events, the health workers still have to report it as “zero case*

Answer 14

Zero cause reporting

Question 15

It measure of the burden of disease and it reflects to the total amount of healthy life lost

Answer 15

DISABILITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS (DALYs)

Question 16

Refers to the number of years a person lives

Answer 16

Life span

Question 17

Refers to the number of yrs a person is EXPECTED TO LIVE from a specified starting point

Answer 17

Life expectancy

Question 18

Field health service information system or FHSIS is example of

Answer 18

Surveillance report

Question 19

A method of gathering any type of information or data from a sample of individuals. By sample it is a meant that the data is only taked from a portion of the total population under study

Answer 19

Surveys

Question 20

It is counting of data gathered from the entire population. It is a regularly occurring aand official count of the human population of a certain local administrative unit

Answer 20

Census

Question 21

According to bandura people’s behaviour are driven by external factos and not by inner factors

Answer 21

Behaviour change

Question 22

It suggests that behaviour is dependent on one’s intention to perform the behaviour

Answer 22

Theory of planned behaviour

Question 23

Determinants of intention

Answer 23

-individuals attitude
- subjective norms
- individual’s perceived behavioural control

Question 24

The stage in which people are not intending to make a change in the near future (often defined as the next 6 months)

Answer 24

Precontemplation

Question 25

The stage where people intend to change(withtin the next 6months). People in this stage are aware of the pros of changing but also can identify the cons

Answer 25

Contemplation

Question 26

Represents the stage where people have a plan of action and intend to take action in the immediate future

Answer 26

Preparation

Question 27

The stage in which people make the behaviour change

Answer 27

Action

Question 28

Represents the stage where people work to prevent relapse

Answer 28

Maintenance

Question 29

Represents that stage where individuals have 100 percent efficacy and will maintain their behaviour. This is the most difficult to maintain. So many people remain a life time in maintenance

Answer 29

Termination

Question 30

Increasing awareness of the causes(providing educational materials, confrontation, media campaigns, feedback, etc)

Answer 30

Consciousness-raising

Question 31

Producing an emotional experience which is followed by a reduced affect is some action can be taken (personal testimonies, media campaigns, drama)

Answer 31

Dramatic relief

Question 32

Inviting individuals to make cognitive and emotional assesments of their self image(clarify values, provide healthy models, using imagery)

Answer 32

Self re evaluation

Question 33

Assessments of how the presence or absence of a behaviour might impact one's social environment( documentaries, personal stories, family interventions)

Answer 33

Environmental re evaluation

Question 34

A danger or a harmful event of which people may or may not be aware

Answer 34

Threat

Question 35

Emotional arousal caused by perceiving as significant and personally relevant threat

Answer 35

Fear

Question 36

Perception that a recommended response will prevent the threat from happening

Answer 36

Response efficency

Question 37

An individuals perception of or confidence in their ability to perform a recommended response

Answer 37

Barriers

Question 38

Positive consequences of performing recommended response

Answer 38

Benefits

Question 39

What an individual thinks other people think they should do

Answer 39

Subjective norms

Question 40

An individuals evaluation of beliefs about a recommended response

Answer 40

Attitudes

Question 41

An individuals plans to carry out the recommended response

Answer 41

Intentions

Question 42

External or internal factors that help individuals make decisions abbout a response

Answer 42

Cues to action

Question 43

When and individual reacts against a recommended response

Answer 43

Reactance

Question 44

An individuals plans to carry out the recommended response

Answer 44

Intentions

Question 45

External or iternal factors that help individuals make decisions about the response

Answer 45

Cues to action