Epidermis Chapter 3

Question 1

How many layers is epidermis composed of

Answer 1

5

Question 2

Epidermis is composed of five layers of what kind of squamous epithelial tissue

Answer 2

Layers of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
That become tough and hard through a process called keratinisation

Question 3

What is the process called When stratified squamous epithelium tissue becomes tough and hard

Answer 3

Keratinisation

Question 4

What makes up 90% of epidermal cells (they produce a protein called Keratin)

Answer 4

Keratinocytes 

Question 5

Keratin helps protect the skin it also helps do what

Answer 5

Waterproof the skin

Question 6

Melanocytes produces a black-brown pigment called what

Answer 6

Melanin

Question 7

Melatonin contributes to the skin colour by absorbing what

Answer 7

Ultraviolet light

Question 8

Melanin granules actually for protective layer over what

Answer 8

The nuclei of cells

Question 9

Melanin granules actually form a protective layer over the nuclei of cells but it’s only over one side of the nuclei which faces which direction

Answer 9

The surface of the skin - the melanin is like a sun hat protecting the nuclei from ultraviolet light

Question 10

Langerhans cells Arise from bone marrow and move to the what

Answer 10

Epidermis

Question 11

Langerhans cells respond to foreign bodies and thus play a role in what

Answer 11

Skin immunity

Question 12

Merkel cells are found in the stratum basale of hairless skin and are attached to what

Answer 12

Keratinocytes

Question 13

Merkel cells make contact with nerve cells from the merkel discs which function in which sensation

Answer 13

Touch

Question 14

The deepest layer of the skin is called what

Answer 14

stratum basale (Or stratum germinativum)

Question 15

The stratum basale Is the deepest layer of the epidermis and is the base for what

Answer 15

New cells to germinate (sprout)

Question 16

Stratum spinosum Is the second deepest layer of epidermis and consists of prickly cells that are beginning to go through what process

Answer 16

Keratinisation

Question 17

Stratum granulosum is the third deepestLayer of cells and is made up of two degenerating cells that are becoming increasingly what

Answer 17

Becoming increasingly filled with little grains or granules of keratin

Question 18

Stratum lucidum is the second shallowest Layer of cells this is a waterproof layer of what kind of cells

Answer 18

Dead and clear cells

Question 19

Stratum corneum Is the shadow set of cells this is the outermost layer of skin what are the cells like

Answer 19

The cells are dead and now completely filled with Keratin they are tough, durable and horny

Question 20

Can also be divided into two major layers called what

Answer 20

The inner layer (Malpighian layer)

The outer layer

Question 21

The inner layer of the epidermis contains only dividing… Kinds of cells

Answer 21

Non-keratinised cells

Question 22

The inner layer of the epidermis contains only dividing non-keratinised cells it includes the stratum basale were sales are constantly being what:
And the stratum spinosum where cells are only beginning to what:

Answer 22

Produced
Beginning to go to the process of keratinisation 

Question 23

The outer layer of the epidermis is composed of keratinised non-dividing cells these include what three things

Answer 23

Strata granulosum
Lucidum
Corneum

Question 24

What does avascular mean?

Answer 24

Contains no blood vessels

Question 25

The stratum basale form is the deepest layer of epidermis this layer is closest to the what

Answer 25

Dermis

Question 26

Because the stratum basale is the closest to the dermis it receives nutrients and oxygen for a process called what This nourishment enables the stratum basale to do what

Answer 26

Diffusion Create millions of new cells each day

Question 27

The stratum basale has the following characteristics (finish the sentence) 1) It composed of a… Layer of cuboidal or… Cells that have nuclei 2) Constantly producing… This is the reason it is sometimes called… 3)The cells are pushed upwards towards the… By… Produced cells below 4) The different cells present in the stratum basale are (4)

Answer 27

1) Single…columnar 2)New cells… Stratum germinativeum 3) Superficial layer… Newly produced 4) Stem cells for reproduction Keratinocytes Melanocytes Merkel discs 

Question 28

The stratum spinosum Consists of 8 to 10 layers of many sided, irregular cells that appear to be covered with … … Or…

Answer 28

Prickly thorns or spines (These spines join the cells tightly to one another)

Question 29

The stratum spinosum Is a transitional layer between the stratum basale and the stratum granulosum and it contains some dividing cells as well as some cells that are

Answer 29

Beginning to go through the process of keratinisation

Question 30

Stratum spinosum is also called the……layer

Answer 30

Prickle-cell

Question 31

Stratum granulosum is also called the….layer

Answer 31

Granular-cell layer

Question 32

Stratum lucidum Is also called the… Layer

Answer 32

Clear – cell layer

Question 33

The stratum corneum is also called the… Layer

Answer 33

Honey – cell layer

Question 34

The stratum granulosum consists of 3 to 5 layers of flattened cells whose nuclei are beginning to what This is why

Answer 34

Degenerate and die Because the cells are now far away from the nutrient – supplying dermis and I’m becoming increasingly keratinised

Question 35

The Stratton Lucidum Is composed of 3 to 5 layers of clear flat dead cells that have no This layer is waterproof and most apparent wear

Answer 35

Nuclei and contain eleidin ( The producer of keratin) In thick skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

Question 36

Stratum corneum is the uppermost layer of skin and is exposed to all the harsh changes in the external environment. Because it needs to be strongest and toughest of all the layers it is made up of what The cells are constantly shed reply process called what

Answer 36

25 to 30 layers of flat dead cells that are completely filled with keratin (dead cells have no nuclei) The process is called desquamation 

Question 37

Dermis is the supporter layer beneath the epidermis and is composed of connective tissue that contains both collagen and…

Answer 37

Elastic fibres

Question 38

Dermis contains many different cells and structures including

Answer 38

1) Fibroblasts (Contains three fibres) 2) macrophages (Cells that engulf and destroy bacteria) 3) adipocytes (Fat cells) 4) mast cells (Cells produce histamine which dilates small blood vessels during information) 5)blood and lymphatic vessels 6)nerves 7) glands 8)hair follicles

Question 39

Fibroblasts a large flat cells that synthesise the following fibres (3)

Answer 39

1)Collagen fibres (very tough yet flexible give skin it’s stretchiness + Attract water so keep skin hydrated  2) Elastic fibres (Strong thin fibres that give elasticity to the skin) 3)Reticular fibres (Thin fibres that form branching that works around other cells and give support and strength)

Question 40

Dermis can be divided into two layers called

Answer 40

1) the papillary layer - A nipple shaped projection that go into the epidermis 2) the reticular layer - Vary in thickness