Epilepsy

Question 1

a sudden disorganized electrical discharge in one or more parts of the brain

Answer 1

seizure

Question 2

seizure interrupts ___________________________

Answer 2

normal brain signals

Question 3

seizure disrupts the normal ________________________________

Answer 3

balance of inhibitory and excitatory input

Question 4

a chronic neurological disorder

Answer 4

epilepsy

Question 5

occurs when multiple neurons misfire simultaneously

Answer 5

seizure

Question 6

epilepsy is characterized by ___________________________

Answer 6

recurrent seizures

Question 7

epilepsy is a CNS disorder wherein nerve cell activity in the brain becomes disrupted causing what (3)

Answer 7

1. seizures
2. periods of unusual behavior, sensations
3. sometimes loss of consciousness

Question 8

epilepsy causes:

Answer 8

1. muscle twitches/spasms
2. changes in moods or thoughts
3. altered or loss of consciousness

Question 9

epilepsy is defined by the occurrence of at least _______________________ with or without convulsions, separated by at least ______________

Answer 9

2 unprovoked seizures ; 24 hours

Question 10

T/F: epilepsy affects all ages

Answer 10

T

Question 11

T/F: epilepsy is contagious

Answer 11

F

Question 12

Anything that disrupts the normal homeostasis or stability of neurons can trigger ________________________________

Answer 12

hyperexcitability and seizures

Question 13

2 types of impulse transmission

Answer 13

excitatory and inhibitory

Question 14

inhibitory neurotransmitter is also called

Answer 14

calming neurotransmitter

Question 15

principal inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 15

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Question 16

principal excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 16

glutamate

Question 17

occurs due to inward current of Na and Ca ions and neurotransmitters such as glutamate and aspartate

Answer 17

hyperexcitation

Question 18

causes or triggers of epilepsy (HI FLAMES)

Answer 18

1. high fever (febrile seizure)
2. infections (meningitis & encephalitis, COVID)
3. flashing lights
4. lack of sleep
5. acquired brain injuries (head trauma)
6. medications (diuretics, analgesics, antidepressants)
7. electrolyte imbalance, hypoglycemia
8. sudden substance withdrawal (alcohol, smoking, drug)

Question 19

located at the back of the head

Answer 19

occipital lobe

Question 20

for visual information

Answer 20

occipital lobe

Question 21

symptoms include visual disturbances, temporary blindness, headache, & difficulty with spatial ORIENTATION

Answer 21

occipital lobe

Question 22

located behind frontal lobes

Answer 22

parietal lobe

Question 23

for processing sensory info

Answer 23

parietal lobe

Question 24

symptoms: tingling or numbness, difficulty understanding spatial RELATIONSHIPS or distances, dizziness, vertigo, difficulty reading and writing, altered pain sensations

Answer 24

parietal lobe

Question 25

located behind forehead

Answer 25

frontal lobe

Question 26

for movement, planning, decision-making, emotion regulation

Answer 26

frontal lobe

Question 27

symptoms: jerking movements, difficulty speaking or slurred speech, abnormal sensations, out-of-body experience, impaired awareness, confusion, changes in mood or behavior

Answer 27

frontal lobe

Question 28

at either side of head, behind the temples

Answer 28

temporal lobe

Question 29

for memory, learning, emotions, and auditory information

Answer 29

temporal lobe

Question 30

symptoms: auras, altered awareness or confusion, automatisms, auditory hallucinations, difficulty speaking or understanding speech

Answer 30

temporal lobe

Question 31

damage to this lobe does no affect the consciousness

Answer 31

temporal lobe

Question 32

T/F: when temporal lobe is damaged, px may not be conscious during seizure episode

Answer 32

F - px may stay partially conscious

Question 33

repetitive movement (e.g., lip smacking, chewing, or fidgeting)

Answer 33

automatisms

Question 34

who are at increased risk for seizures and epilepsy (MCHS)

Answer 34

px with 1. mental retardation 2. cerebral palsy 3. head injury 4. stroke

Question 35

focal neuronal injury is associated in the onset of seizures in ___________

Answer 35

elderly

Question 36

focal neuronal injury can be induced by

Answer 36

stroke, neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer’s disease)

Question 37

classification of seizures according to the international league against epilepsy (ILAE)

Answer 37

1. onset or beginning 2. level of awareness 3. motor symptoms

Question 38

3 major groups of seizures according to ILAE

Answer 38

1. generalized onset 2. focal onset 3. unknown onset

Question 39

types of generalized seizures

Answer 39

1. tonic-clonic (grand mal) 2. absence (petite mal) 3. atonic epilepsy

Question 40

most dramatic type of generalized seizure

Answer 40

tonic-clonic