epilepsy Flashcards
(30 cards)
what is epilepsy
recurrent spontaneous seizures
persistent and prolonged
2 features of seizure
prodrome: change in mood/behaviour
aura
causes of epilepsy
idiopathic structural TB trauma stroke increasedd ICP hemorrhage alcohol drugs hypoglycemia hypoxia
what structural defects cause epilepsy - 4
cortical scarring
development
leisons
scarring
what is a partial seziure - 2
1 part of hemisphere
structural disease
2 types of partial seziures
- simple
2. complex
what is a simple partial seizure
awareness unimpaired
no post ictal symptoms
what is a complex partial seizure
awareness impaired
post ictal confusion
what are the two types of primary generalised seizures
absence
tonic clonic
what is a primary generalised absent seizure
less than 10 second pauses
childhood
what is a primary generalised tonic clonic - 4
loss of consciousness
stiff limbs
post ictal confusions
drowsiness
what is myoclonic symptoms
sudden jerk
what are the DDx for epilespy - 4
vasovagal syncope
arrythmia
hypoglycemia
psychogenic/NEAD
what is an initial stage management
ACDE, O2, IV access, IV fluids
BM, VBG, bloods, CT
Hx
general exam
what are the investigations for seizure
bloods ecg urine - pregnancy ct/mri eeg
what are more common - provoked or non provoked
non provoked
when do you start a first time seizure person on an antiepileptic? 4 reasons
- risk of reoccurance
- reoccurance is unacceptable
- definitive epileptic on EEG
- brain damage on leison
3 classes of anticonvulsants
NA
Ca
GABA enhancement
examples of Na - 3
phenytoin
carbamazepine
lamotrigine
examples of Ca - 1
ethosuxamide
examples of gaba enhancment - 3
benzo
gabapentin
vigabatrin
what is a contraindication of AED
contraception pill
what is status epilepsy
more than 5 mins
what can status epilepsy lead to
hypoxia
