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Epilepsy Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following best describes a generalized seizure?

A

B – Affects both hemispheres of the brain from onset

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2
Q

Typical absence seizures are characterized by which EEG pattern?

s

A

A – 3 Hz generalized spike-wave discharges

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3
Q

Which seizure type involves sudden, shock-like, lightning-fast muscle jerks?

A

B – Myoclonic

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4
Q

Which seizure type is marked by rhythmic jerking movements?

A

A – Clonic

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5
Q

A sudden loss of muscle tone causing drop attacks is characteristic of which seizure?

A

D – Atonic

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6
Q

What EEG pattern is typical in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome?

A

B – Slow poly-spike waves (1–2.5 Hz)

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7
Q

Which syndrome shows chaotic, high-amplitude (up to 10,000 µV) EEG waves called hypsarrhythmia?

A

A – West Syndrome

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8
Q

What is the typical age of onset for Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy (Ohtahara Syndrome)?

A

A – Birth to 3 months

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9
Q

Pyridoxine-dependent seizures occur due to a deficiency in which vitamin?

A

B – Vitamin B6

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10
Q

Which seizure type is often mistaken for daydreaming and involves brief loss of awareness without convulsions?

A

B – Typical absence

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11
Q

What EEG activation technique is most likely to provoke an absence seizure?

A

B – Hyperventilation

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12
Q

Which syndrome commonly causes seizures during sleep or just after waking, with high-amplitude spikes in C3, C4, T3, and T4 on EEG?

A

A – Benign Rolandic Epilepsy (BCECTS)

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13
Q

What is the hallmark EEG feature of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy?

A

B – 4–5 Hz generalized polyspike-wave discharges

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14
Q

Which seizure syndrome is characterized by seizures triggered by sound or touch stimuli?

A

B – Reflex-Induced Myoclonic Epilepsy

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15
Q

Which gene mutation is most commonly associated with Dravet Syndrome?

A

A – SCN1A

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16
Q

Which seizure type is most dangerous due to sudden loss of muscle tone and risk of injury?

A

B – Atonic

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17
Q

Which EEG pattern is characteristic of Childhood Epilepsy with Occipital Paroxysms?

A

A – High amplitude occipital spikes suppressed by fixation

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18
Q

What is the primary cause of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy?

A

B – Mesial temporal sclerosis

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19
Q

What is the most common EEG finding in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy?

A

A – Anterior temporal spikes or sharp waves

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20
Q

Which syndrome is characterized by mixed seizure types including tonic, atonic, and atypical absence seizures with cognitive impairment?

A

B – Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

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21
Q

What is the typical duration of a typical absence seizure?

A

B – 3–15 seconds

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22
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic movement during typical absence seizures?

A

C – Generalized tonic stiffening

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23
Q

Which seizure type begins with a tonic phase followed by clonic jerking?

A

C – Tonic-Clonic (Grand Mal)

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24
Q

The EEG pattern called ‘theta pointu alternant’ is associated with which condition?

A

C – Neonatal convulsions

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25
Febrile seizures are typically associated with which of the following?
A – Fever above 101°F in young children
26
Which febrile seizure type is associated with an increased risk of developing temporal lobe epilepsy?
B – Complex febrile seizure
27
Which syndrome is also called Salaam Syndrome or Jackknife Seizures?
A – West Syndrome
28
What is the hallmark EEG pattern of West Syndrome?
B – Hypsarrhythmia
29
Which epilepsy syndrome commonly has onset between ages 6–13 and typically remits by adolescence?
A – Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (BCECTS)
30
The fixation-off effect seen on EEG is characteristic of which epilepsy syndrome?
A – Childhood Epilepsy with Occipital Paroxysms
31
What is the typical seizure type in Juvenile Absence Epilepsy (JAE)?
B – Absence seizures
32
Which EEG pattern is commonly seen in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME)?
B – 4–5 Hz polyspike-wave discharges
33
Which activation method is most likely to trigger seizures in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy?
B – Photic stimulation and sleep
34
What are typical triggers for reflex-induced myoclonic epilepsy?
B – Sound or touch stimuli
35
Which syndrome is most often associated with developmental regression and prolonged febrile seizures in infancy?
B – Dravet Syndrome
36
Which is the most common genetic mutation found in Dravet Syndrome?
A – SCN1A
37
Which is the most common form of localization-related epilepsy?
A – Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
38
What aura is commonly reported in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy?
A – Fear, smell, déjà vu
39
Which type of seizure is often preceded by an aura?
B – Complex partial seizures (Temporal lobe seizures)
40
What EEG electrodes are helpful in localizing temporal lobe epileptiform activity?
C – T1 and T2
41
Which EEG pattern is commonly seen in Pyridoxine-Dependent Seizures?
A – Burst-suppression pattern
42
What is the prognosis for typical absence seizures?
B – Good; often hereditary with remission
43
Which of the following is a common symptom during a myoclonic seizure?
B – Sudden, brief muscle jerks
44
What is the common age range for Febrile Seizures?
B – 3 months to 5 years
45
Which EEG feature is typical of benign familial neonatal convulsions (BFNC)?
A – Theta pointu alternant pattern
46
Which syndrome is characterized by mixed seizure types and is often refractory to treatment?
C – Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
47
Which seizure type usually shows an abrupt onset and termination on EEG?
A – Typical absence seizure
48
What does 'photoparoxysmal response' on EEG indicate?
B – Abnormal spike-wave bursts triggered by light
49
Which syndrome is often preceded by West Syndrome and involves severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy?
C – Dravet Syndrome
50
Which type of seizure often causes rhythmic jerking following a period of muscle stiffening?
B – Clonic seizure
51
Which activation technique is NOT typically used to provoke epileptiform activity during EEG?
C – Auditory stimulation
52
Which syndrome is characterized by myoclonic jerks followed by sudden loss of posture?
A – Doose Syndrome
53
Which age group is most affected by Doose Syndrome (Myoclonic-Astatic Epilepsy)?
B – 1.5 to 5 years
54
What is the main treatment for pyridoxine-dependent seizures?
B – Vitamin B6 supplementation
55
Which seizure syndrome often includes photosensitivity as a clinical feature?
A – Dravet Syndrome
56
Which EEG finding is most typical in Juvenile Absence Epilepsy (JAE)?
B – 3–4 Hz spike-wave discharges
57
What is the typical clinical presentation of reflex-induced myoclonic epilepsy?
A – Jerks triggered by sound or touch
58
Which syndrome is associated with repeated, prolonged febrile seizures in infancy?
B – Dravet Syndrome
59
What type of seizure is characterized by loss of consciousness and tonic muscle stiffening?
B – Tonic seizure
60
Which EEG electrode positions are most useful for localizing temporal lobe epileptiform activity?
A – F7, F8, T1, and T2
61
Which seizure type is characterized by sudden brief loss of awareness, no convulsions, and may be mistaken for inattention?
A – Typical absence seizure
62
What EEG pattern evolves from 4 Hz → 3 Hz → 2.5 Hz during a typical absence seizure?
B – Generalized spike-wave discharges
63
Which clinical feature is most common in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome?
B – Cognitive impairment and mixed seizures
64
What is the common cause of Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy (EIEE)?
B – Cerebral hypoxia or genetic mutations
65
Which epilepsy syndrome is commonly associated with prolonged febrile seizures in the first year of life?
B – Dravet Syndrome
66
What type of EEG pattern is seen during the tonic phase of a tonic-clonic seizure?
A – Rapid spike discharges
67
Which of the following seizure types involves muscle stiffening without convulsions?
A – Tonic seizure
68
Which seizure type begins with alternating rapid spike discharges followed by rhythmic jerking?
C – Tonic-Clonic
69
Which of these is a common feature of benign neonatal convulsions?
B – Typically resolves and is not life-threatening
70
What is the typical clinical presentation of West Syndrome?
B – Flexion spasms lasting about 1 second
71
Which EEG activation method uses a strobe light flashing at different frequencies?
B – Photic stimulation
72
What does a photoparoxysmal response (PPR) on EEG indicate?
B – Generalized spike-wave bursts triggered by light
73
Which syndrome is characterized by myoclonic jerks followed by a sudden drop in posture?
A – Doose Syndrome
74
What is a typical EEG finding in Benign Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy (BMEI)?
A – Generalized polyspikes
75
Which seizure syndrome commonly shows an EEG pattern called 'burst-suppression'?
B – Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy (Ohtahara Syndrome)
76
Which seizure syndrome is often activated by sleep and photic stimulation?
B – Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME)
77
What is the typical EEG response seen in normal children during photic stimulation?
B – Photic driving response in occipital leads (O1 & O2)
78
Which seizure type involves sudden jerks synchronized with polyspike-wave discharges on EEG?
B – Myoclonic
79
Which syndrome is most often treated with vitamin B6 supplementation?
B – Pyridoxine-Dependent Seizures
80
Which epilepsy syndrome is characterized by prolonged seizures that are often refractory and associated with developmental delay?
B – Dravet Syndrome
81
Which seizure type is characterized by alternating rapid spike discharges followed by rhythmic jerking?
C – Tonic-Clonic
82
Which EEG pattern is common in Neonatal Convulsions?
A – Theta pointu alternant (alternating sharp theta waves)
83
What clinical sign differentiates atypical absence seizures from typical absence seizures?
B – Presence of automatisms and slower spike-wave activity
84
Which epilepsy syndrome often presents with staring spells and multiple daily episodes?
A – Typical absence epilepsy
85
Which of the following is a typical symptom of reflex-induced myoclonic epilepsy?
B – Jerks triggered by sound or touch
86
What type of seizure is most commonly provoked by hyperventilation during EEG?
A – Typical absence seizure
87
Which pediatric epilepsy syndrome is characterized by frequent myoclonic jerks in infants with normal development?
A – Benign Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy (BMEI)
88
Which epilepsy syndrome is most commonly associated with mutations in the SCN1A gene?
B – Dravet Syndrome
89
What is the main risk associated with atonic seizures?
B – Sudden collapse and injury
90
Which syndrome is typically refractory to treatment and may require surgery?
B – Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
91
Which EEG finding is associated with photoparoxysmal response (PPR)?
A – Generalized spike-wave bursts triggered by light
92
What is the typical clinical presentation of Doose Syndrome?
A – Jerks followed by drop attacks with brief loss of consciousness
93
Which EEG electrode sites are used to identify centrotemporal spikes in BCECTS?
A – C3, C4, T3, T4
94
Which syndrome is also known as Jackknife Seizures?
A – West Syndrome
95
Which seizure type involves sudden stiffening of muscles without jerking movements?
A – Tonic seizure
96
Which syndrome shows high voltage bilateral spikes during sleep that usually resolve by adolescence?
A – Benign Rolandic Epilepsy (BCECTS)
97
Which EEG pattern is diagnostic for Childhood Absence Epilepsy?
A – 3 Hz generalized spike-wave discharges
98
Which syndrome is associated with the 'fixation-off' effect on EEG?
B – Childhood Epilepsy with Occipital Paroxysms
99
What is a common trigger for seizures in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy?
B – Sleep deprivation and photic stimulation
100
Which syndrome is characterized by early onset seizures, photosensitivity, and developmental regression?
C – Dravet Syndrome

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