Epilepsy: Rowan's ch 1-4

Question 1

What does an EEG record ?

Answer 1

Post-synaptic potentials (majority), action potentials and chronic neuronal depolarization but most likely the voltage of the EC matrix.

Question 2

Two types of Post-synaptic potentials

Answer 2

Inhibitory and Excitatory

Question 3

What is the PDR

Answer 3

posterior dominant rhythm is the basic rhythmic frequency of the normal awake adult brain.

Question 4

What leads to rhythmic cortical activation

Answer 4

thalamic pacemaker cells.

Question 5

What is the current system for placing electrodes ?

Answer 5

10-10

Question 6

Odd numbered elctrodes are on the ___.

Answer 6

Left

Question 7

Even numbered electrodes are on the ____.

Answer 7

Right

Question 8

Potential fields are ___ in shape and have a ____ effect.

Answer 8

oval/ripple.

Question 9

Bipolar Recording: If input 1 is negative with respect to input 2 the deflection is

Answer 9

upward

Question 10

If input 2 is negative with respect to input 1 the deflection is ?

Answer 10

downward

Question 11

negative phase reversal = ___

Answer 11

localization of focus

Question 12

Referential recording

Answer 12

electrodes are compared to a reference (A1 for example)

Question 13

What is an amplifier ?

Answer 13

Records potential difference between two electrodes

Question 14

Bipolar recording

Answer 14

two successive electrodes are compared

Question 15

Three types of montages

Answer 15

double bannana, transverse, circumferential

Question 16

Overview of electronics.

Answer 16

…

Question 17

Multifocal definition

Answer 17

discharge in more than 3 non-contiguous leads and two different hemispheres

Question 18

Impedence should not exceed

Answer 18

5 kohms

Question 19

Standard diplasy

Answer 19

30mm/sec with 10 sec pages

Question 20

Standard sensitivity and brain death criteria

Answer 20

7 microvolts should be turned down to 2 for brain death criteria.

Question 21

standard frequency of filters and should you even adjust them ?

Answer 21

1 to 70hz and no

Question 22

Purpose of notch filter

Answer 22

set at 60hz to block out electronic devices.

Question 23

Gamma, beta, alpha, theta and delta frequencies

Answer 23

> 30, 13-30, 8.5-13, 4-8.5, and 0-4

Question 24

Acceptable asymmetry of PDR

Answer 24

2:1

Question 25

Stage 1 sleep: 2 features

Answer 25

vertex waves and POSTs

Question 26

Stage 2 sleep: 2 features

Answer 26

sleep spindles and k-complexes

Question 27

Def of a slow PDR

Answer 27

<8.5 hz

Question 28

Def sleep spindles

Answer 28

sinusoidal, synchronous and at 12-14 hz

Question 29

Def of k-complexes

Answer 29

bi/triphasic waves >500ms

Question 30

Long return to baseline after Hyperventialtion reason

Answer 30

hypoglycemia

Question 31

4 normal variants

Answer 31

alpha, mu, lambda, 14/6

Question 32

Define alpha variants

Answer 32

half to double the PDR is okay

Question 33

define mu rhythm

Answer 33

se over c3/c4 (motor strip, attenuates with movement of the opposite limb

Question 34

define lambdas

Answer 34

electropositive transients in occipital regions

Question 35

define 14/6

Answer 35

14 hz and 6hz spikes singular and in clusters usually in posterior quadrants.

Question 36

PDR does what with eye opening.

Answer 36

eye opening

Question 37

What 2 things cause an abnormal background ?

Answer 37

Loss of PDR or lack of distinct sleep states

Question 38

three levels of slowing

Answer 38

0-4 severe 4-7 hz moderate 7-8 hz - mild

Question 39

Duration of spike

Answer 39

20-70ms

Question 40

Duration of sharp

Answer 40

70-200ms

Question 41

two types of rhythmic patterns

Answer 41

GRDA and LRDA

Question 42

GPEDS are seen in what clinical states

Answer 42

diffuse injury (toxic-metabolic,hypoxic ischemic)

Question 43

PLDs are seen in what clinical states

Answer 43

focal lateralized lesions (brain abscess etc)

Question 44

Define evolution

Answer 44

2 unequivocal, sequential changes in frequency morphaology and location.

Question 45

Principle of localization in bipolar montage ?

Answer 45

Phase reversal

Question 46

Principle of localization in referential montage ?

Answer 46

Amplitude