Epiliepsy Flashcards
(30 cards)
Who discovered EEG?
Hans Berger
Hans Berger is known for his pioneering work in electroencephalography (EEG).
What system did Hans Berger develop for electrode placement?
10-20 system
This system standardizes the placement of electrodes on the scalp for EEG recording.
According to the 10-20 system, how are electrodes placed on the left and right sides?
Left side - odd numbers; Right side - even numbers
This numbering system helps in identifying electrode locations.
What does the upper part of the EEG represent?
The left side of the brain
The EEG layout reflects the anatomical organization of the brain.
What indicates a focal seizure in an EEG?
Abnormal high voltage discharge present only on one side
Focal seizures are characterized by localized abnormal electrical activity.
What is seen in case of generalized seizures in an EEG?
Bilateral abnormal activity
Generalized seizures involve widespread abnormal electrical discharges across the brain.
What is the relationship between abnormal activity in the hand region and the face?
Abnormal activity in the hand region is usually associated with the face
This indicates the interconnected nature of motor control in the brain.
Involuntary electrical activity on the right side of the EEG is associated with which physical response?
Involuntary jerk in the left hand associated with twitching of one side of the face
This reflects the contralateral control of motor functions in the brain.
Fill in the blank: If abnormal high voltage discharge is present on both sides of the brain, it indicates a _______.
generalized/diffuse abnormality
This condition suggests a more widespread issue in brain activity.
What electrode placements are associated with focal seizures in the provided diagram?
P3, P4, Pz, P7, P8, O1, O2
These placements help in identifying focal seizure activity.
What is the frequency range of alpha waves?
8-13 Hz
What is the frequency range of beta rhythm?
13-30 Hz
What is the frequency range of theta waves?
4-7 Hz
What is the frequency range of delta waves?
0.5-4 Hz
What stage of sleep is characterized by sleep spindles?
NREM stage 2
What is the deepest stage of sleep called?
NREM Stage 3
What are the two main components of a tonic-clonic seizure?
- Tonus
- Clonus
What is the difference between a seizure and a convulsion?
Seizure: Abnormal electrical discharge in the brain
Convulsion: Motor manifestation of a seizure
What can control motor manifestations in seizures?
- Lorazepam
- Diazepam
What is the main symptom described by patients during generalized tonic-clonic seizures?
General unwellness
What is the term for the sudden contraction of all muscles of the body during a seizure?
Tonus
What follows tonus during a seizure?
Clonus
What is the significance of video EEG compared to non-video EEG?
Video EEG allows for longer patient monitoring
What are the common medications used to control electrical activity in the brain?
- Lamotrigine
- Levetiracetam
- Phenytoin
- Phenobarbital
