1. Influence cell polarity 2. Regulate cell proliferation and differentiation 3. Influence cell metabolism and survival 4. Organizes CHON in adjacent plasma membrane 5. Pathways for cell migration

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards by Princess Mae Pelisco

A division of an organ that is compose of cells for main function of the typical organ.

A. Parenchyma
B. Stroma
C. Basement Membrane
D. Lamina propia

A. Parenchyma

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A division of an organ which is the supporting tissue.

A. Parenchyma
B. Stroma
C. Basement Membrane
D. Lamina propia

B. Stroma

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Main Functions of Epithelial Tissue.

Covering, lining and protecting surface (skin)
Absorption (intestines)
Secretion (epithelial cells of glands)
Contractility (myoepithelial cells)

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Connective tissue where epithelial rests

A. Papillae
B. Basement membrane
C. Basal lamina
D. Lamina propia

D. Lamina propia

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Irregular evaginations that increases contact of epithelia to connective tissue and occurs commonly to organs subject for friction (skin, tongue)

A. Papillae
B. Basement membrane
C. Basal lamina
D. Lamina propia

A. Papillae

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Region of the cell facing the connective tissue/lamina propia

A. Basal Pole
B. Apical Pole
C. Lateral Pole

A. Basal pole

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Region of the cell facing a space

A. Basal Pole
B. Apical Pole
C. Lateral Pole

B. Apical pole

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Region of the cell located at the intervening sides apposed in intervening cells; have numerous infoldings that increases surface area and functional capacity.

A. Basal Pole
B. Apical Pole
C. Lateral Pole

C. Lateral pole

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Felt like sheets of extracellular material which has 3 layers: lamina densa, lamina lucida and lamina fibroreticularis.

A. Basal Lamina
B. Basement Membrane
C. Lamina Propia
D. Papillae

A. Basal Lamina

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Network of fine fibrils found in the Basal Lamina

A. Lamina Densa
B. Lamina Lucida
C. Lamina Propia
D. Laminin

A. Lamina Densa

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Electron lucent (clear) layers of basal lamina.

A. Lamina Densa
B. Lamina Lucida
C. Lamina Propia
D. Laminin

B. Lamina Lucida

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A lace-like glycoprotein sheet below cell basal poles, initiates development of basement membrane and a macromolecular component of Basal Lamina.

A. Lamina Densa
B. Lamina Lucida
C. Lamina Propia
D. Laminin

D. Laminin

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Macromelocular components of basal lamina (3-dimensional arrays).

Glycoproteins: Laminin, Entactin (Nidogen) and Fribronectin
Type IV Collagen
Proteoglycan: Perlecan
Heparan SO4

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A macromolecular component of basal lamina which has 3 polypeptide chains and forms felt-like sheets associated with it.

A. Laminin
B. Entactin (Nidogen
C. Perlecan
D. Both B and C
E. Type 4 Collagen

E. Type 4 Collagen

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A macromolecular component of basal lamina that links laminin and type 4 collagen sheets.

A. Laminin
B. Entactin (Nidogen
C. Perlecan
D. Both B and C
E. Type 4 Collagen

D. Both B (Entactin-Nidogen) and C (Perlecan)

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What attaches the basal lamina to reticular fibers (type 7 collagen), made up of Type 3 collagen fibers and helps anchor the epithelium to the underlying connective tissue.

A. Gap junctions
B. Anchoring fibrils
C. Zonula adherens
D. Zonula occludens

B. Anchoring fibrils

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Fxns of Basal Lamina

Influence cell polarity
Regulate cell proliferation and differentiation
Influence cell metabolism and survival
Organizes CHON in adjacent plasma membrane
Pathways for cell migration

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Formed by the combination of basal lamina and reticular lamina; thicker; denotes structures seen with the light microscope.

A. Lamina Propia
B. Lamina Densa
C. Intercerllular Junctions
D. Basement Membrane

D. Basement Membrane

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The 3 intercellular junctions exhibited in the lateral membranes of epithelial tissues subjected to traction and pressure.

Tight jxn / Occluding jxn / Zonula Occludens
Adhesive or anchoring jxn / Zonula adherens
Gap or communicating junction

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An intercellular junction that seals to prevent the flow of materials between epithelial cells (paracellular pathway). It is the most apical of the junctions and it encircles the cell. It is also the primary intracellular barrier.

A. Tight jxn / Occluding jxn / Zonula Occludens
B. Adhesive or anchoring jxn / Zonula adherens
C. Gap or communicating junction
D. Desmosomes or Macula Adherens

A. Tight jxn / Occluding jxn / Zonula Occludens

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A transmembrane protein that causes the seal between membranes. Backbone of Zonula Occludens. Forms aqueous channels.

A. Cadherins
B. Claudin
C. Connexins
D. Hemidesmosomes

B. Claudin

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True or False. The number of occluding junctions is inversely correlated with the leakiness of the epithelium.

True

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An intercellular junction that provides the firm adhesion of one cell to its neighbors. This junction encircles the cell and is also responsible for cell recognition and differentiation, morphogenesis and stability.

A. Tight jxn / Occluding jxn / Zonula Occludens
B. Adhesive or anchoring jxn / Zonula adherens
C. Gap or communicating junction
D. Desmosomes or Macula Adherens

B. Adhesive or anchoring jxn / Zonula adherens

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What transmembrane glycoprotein that is responsible for cell growth and differentiation, and mediates adhesion and loses its adhesive properties in the absence of Ca2+?

A. Cadherins
B. Claudin
C. Connexins
D. Hemidesmosomes

A. Cadherins

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4 Basic Type of Tissues A. Connective, Muscular, Epithelial, Nervous B. Skeletal, Muscular, Epithelial, Connective C. Muscular, Nervous, Circulatory, Skeletal D. Connective, Epithelial, Nervous, Integumentary

A. Connective, Muscular, Epithelial, Nervous PS. Always think CMEN

A cytoskeleton feature at the apical pole in many epithelial cells with a role in cytoplasmic motility and other functions. It is a horizontal network of actin microfilaments and associated CHON including myosins. A. Macula Adherens B. Lamina Propia C. Terminal Web D. Lateral Web

C. Terminal Web

The protein cadherins binds which is linked by means of actin-binding proteins to actin filaments. A. Catenin B. Claudin C. Connexins D. Desmin or Vimentin

A. Catenin

An intercellular junction specializing in adhesion but does not form a belt around the cell. It is a disk-shape structure at the surface of the cell that is matched with an identical structure at the surface of an adjacent cell. A. Tight jxn / Occluding jxn / Zonula Occludens B. Adhesive or anchoring jxn / Zonula adherens C. Gap or communicating junction D. Desmosomes or Macula Adherens

D. Desmosomes or Macula Adherens

Theses composes the dense attachment of anchoring proteins where cadherin-types of CHON inset into and which binds intermediate filaments rather than actin filaments associated with desmosomes.

1. Plakophilin 2. Plakoglobin 3. Desmoplakin

In the non-epithelial tissues, what is the protein that composes the intermediate filaments attached to desmosomes? A. Claudin B. Cadherens C. Desmin or Vimentin D. Connexin

C. Desmin or Vimentin

An intercellular junction that can occur almost anywhere along the lateral membranes of epithelial cells, but are also found between cells in nearly all mammalian tissues. Also called as nexus and responsible for organ homeostasis. A. Tight jxn / Occluding jxn / Zonula Occludens B. Adhesive or anchoring jxn / Zonula adherens C. Gap or communicating junction D. Desmosomes or Macula Adherens

C. Gap or communicating junction

Proteins of Gap Junctions. A. Claudin B. Cadherins C. Connexins D. Desmin

C. Connexins

A hexameric complexes which has a central hydrophilic pore about 1.5 nm in diameter. A. Claudin B. Cadherins C. Connexons D. Desmin

C. Connexons

True or False. Cyclic AMP, Cyclic GMP and ions, move readily through gap junctions, allowing cells in many tissues to act in a coordinated manner rather than as an independent unit (eg. heart muscle).

True

The contact area between epithelial cells and subjacent basal lamina. It resembles a half desomosome and bind the cell to the basal lamina. A. Desmin B. Desmosomes C. Vimentin D. Hemidesmosomes

D. Hemidesmosomes

Transmembrane protein that are receptor sites for the extracellular macromolecules laminin and collagen type 4, and abundant in attachment plaques of hemidesmosomes. Responsible for cell adhesion, motility and shape. A. Vimentin B. Integrins C. Connexins D. Desmin

B. Integrins

True or False. Are the ff relationship correct? Basolateral membrane : receptors for chemical messenger are localized Apical membrane : contains integral membrane proteins, enzymes (disaccharides and peptidases)

True. The enzymes in the apical membrane complete the digestion of molecules to be absorbed.

The 3 specializations of the apical surface.

1. Microvilli 2. Stereocilia 3. Cilia

Short or long fingerlike extensions or folds where most are temporary, reflecting cytoplasmic movements and activity of actin filaments; Increases total surface are of absorptive cell up to 20 or 30 folds. Common in LE of small intestines. Motion trajectory: passive movement due to contraction of terminal web. A. Microvilli B. Stereocilia C. Cilia

A. Microvilli

Complex of microvilli and glycocalyx is called ____________.

Brush or striated border

True or False. Actin filaments does not stabilize the microvilli but it allows it to contract slightly and intermittently.

False. It also stabilizes the microvillia.

The actin filaments cross-linked to one another by proteins such as ____ and ____, and bound to the plasma membrane by proteins such as ______.

Fimbrin, Villin and Myosin I.

Long apical processes of cells, less motile and branched in other absorptive epithelia (epididymis and ductus deferens). Motion trajectory: passive movement due to fluid flow (genital) or vibration of endolymph (inner ear). A. Microvilli B. Stereocilia C. Cillia

B. Stereocilia

Elongated and highly motile structures on the surface of some epithelial cells. This is inserted into the basal bodies. This exhibits a rapid back and forth movement. Common in the respiratory tract. A. Microvilli B. Stereocilia C. Cillia

C. Cilia

The motion of cilia occurs due to activity of _________ present on the peripheral microtubular doublets of the axoneme, with ATP as energy source.

Ciliary Dynein

Two types of Epithelia.

Covering or Lining Epithelia | Glandular Epithelia

A lining epithelia consisting of one layer only. A. Simple B. Pseudostratified C. Stratified

A. Simple

A lining epithelia consisting of 2 or more layers. A. Simple B. Pseudostratified C. Stratified

C. Stratified

3 Classifications of Simple LE based from cell shape.

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar

4 Classifications of Stratified LE based from the cell shape of "superficial layers"

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar and Transitional

Provide organs corresponding to the cell shape of Simple Squamous (often exhibits transcytosis).

``` Loops of Henle Mesentry mesothelium Cornea endothelium Lining of vessels (endothelium) Serous lining of cavities Pericardium, Pleura & Peritoneum (mesothelium) ```

Provide an organ each corresponding to the cell shape of its Stratified Squamous Keratinized LE (dry).

Epidermis (skin)

What LE exhibits an accumulation of Keratin in the process of Keratinization, underlying cells closer to the lamina is cuboidal and colmnar in shape and surface layer cells helps protect against water loss? A. Simple Squamous B. Stratified Squamous Keratinized C. Simple Cuboidal D. Stratified Squamous Non-keratinized

b. Stratified Squamous Keratinized (dry)

LE is characterized by a superficial layer of domelike cells that are neither squamous nor columnar and is sometimes called umbrella cells. Surface cell layer changes according to the degree of bladder wall distention. A. Stratified Squamous Keratinized (dry) B. Stratified Transitional C. Stratified Squamous Non-keratinized (moist)

B. Stratified Transitional

True or False. Stratified squamous keratinized has surface layer cells lacking with nuclei.

True

True or False. Stratified Squamous Non-keratinized has surface layer cells that lack nuclei.

False. The surface cells layer of stratified squamous non-keratinized contains much less keratin and retains its nuclei.

Provide organs corresponding to the cell shape of Simple Cuboidal.

Renal collecting tubule Pancreatic duct Ovary mesothelium Thyroid

Provide organs corresponding to the cell shape of Simple Columnar.

Renal collecting duct Oviduct lining Gall bladder Lining of instestine

Provide organs corresponding to the cell shape of Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized LE (moist).

``` Mouth Esophagus Larynx Vagina Anal Canal ```

Provide organs corresponding to the cell shape of Stratified Cuboidal.

Excretory ducts of sweat and salivary glands | Developing ovarian follicle

Provide an organ corresponding to the cell shape of Stratified Columnar.

Conjunctiva

Cells in its LE are taller than they are wide specializing in absorption, with microvilli, and have interspersed secretory or ciliated cells. Apical ends always have tight jxn complexes, but are often loosely associated in basolateral areas. A. Simple Squamous B. Simple Cuboidal C. Simple Columnar

C. Simple Columnar

Glands that retained its connection (with ducts) with the surface epithelium taking the form of tubular ducts lined with epithelial cells through which secretions pass to the surface. A. Exocrine Glands B. Merocrine Glands C. Endocrine Glands

A. Exocrine Glands

Ductless glands with secretions picked up and transported to their sites of actions by the blood stream rather than a duct system. A. Exocrine Glands B. Merocrine Glands C. Endocrine Glands

C. Endocrine Glands

A unicellular gland showing a basal nucleus surrounded by RER, a large Golgi complex just above the nucleus and an apical end filed with secretory granules containing mucins. A. Goblet Cells B. Exocrine Gland C. Endocrine Gland D. Merocrine Gland

A. Goblet Cell

A glycoprotein responsible for binding of Ca+2, cell adhesion and phagocytosis. A. Laminin B. Endactin/Nidogen C. Fibrillin D. Desmin/Vimentin

A. Endactin/Nidogen

A protein than serves as the barrier of Zonula Occludens. A. Occludin B. Claudin C. Junctional Adhension Molecules (JAM)

A. Occludin

A component of Zonula Occludens which is composed of endothelial cells and monocytes. A. Occludin B. Claudin C. Junctional Adhesion Molecules (JAM)

C. Junctional Adhesion Molecules (JAM)

A membrane specialization that is composed of focal adhesions and hemidesmosomes. A. Intercellular/Lateral Domain B. Luminal/Apical Domain C. Basal Domain.

C. Basal Domain

A membrane specialization that contains the junctional complexes, cell adhesion molecules (CAMS, folds, processes, invaginations and evaginations. Also call as terminal bars. A. Intercellular/Lateral Domain B. Luminal/Apical Domain C. Basal Domain

A. Intercellular/Lateral Domain

A membrane specialization composed of the cilia, microvilli, and stereocilia. A. Intercellular/Lateral Domain B. Luminal/Apical Domain C. Basal Domain

B. Luminal/Apical Domain

The protein in anchoring junctions that is responsible for neutrophil recognition and homing procedure for lymphocytes. A. Cadherins B. Integrins C. Selectins D. Ig superfamilt (IgSF)

C. Selectins

A component of anchoring junctions that is also responsible for cell adhesion as well as inflammation and immune response. A. Cadherins B. Integrins C. Selectins D. Ig superfamily (IgSF)

D. Ig superfamily (SF)

A part of anchoring junction that attaches the basement membrane to basal lamina (laminin and collagen type 17), A. Anchoring fibrils B. Anchoring filaments C. Cadherins D. Desmosomes

B. Anchoring filaments

What organ that has a protein secreting glandular epithelial cell? A. Pancreas B. Adrenal Gland C. Salivary Gland D. Mammary Gland

A. Pancreas

What organ has a lipid secreting glandular epithelial cell? A. Pancreas B. Adrenal Gland C. Salivary Gland D. Mammary Gland

B. Adrenal Gland (and Sebaceous gland)

What organ has a glandular epithelial cell secreting complexes of carbohydrates and proteins? A. Pancreas B. Adrenal Gland C. Salivary Gland D. Mammary Gland

Salivary Gland

A gland that has a low synthetic activity and secrete mostly water and electrolytes? What organ that has a protein secreting glandular epithelial cell? A. Pancreas B. Adrenal Gland C. Salivary Gland D. Sweat Glands

D. Sweat Glands

An organ that has a glandular epithelial cell secreting all substances (proteins, lipids, complex CHO & CHON). A highly modified apocrine gland. A. Pancreas B. Adrenal Gland C. Salivary Gland D. Mammary Gland

D. Mammary Gland

The cell remain intact after secretion of its substance. A. Merocrine B. Apocrine C. Holocrine D. Paracrine

A. Merocrine

There are some loses in the part of the cell after secretion of its substance. A. Merocrine B. Apocrine C. Holocrine D. Paracrine

B. Apocrine

There is total loss of the cell after it secretes its substance. A. Merocrine B. Apocrine C. Holocrine D. Paracrine

C. Holocrine

Stellate or spindle-shaped cells of several exocrine glands located between the basal lamina and the basal pole of secretory or duct cells. This specialized in contraction, containing myosin and large number of actin filaments. A. Goblet Cell B. Myoepithelial Cell C. Mucoid Cells D. Serous Cells

B. Myoepithelial Cells

Which of the following organs has a mixed type of gland? A. Exocrine Pancreas B. Respiratory Tract C. Genital Tract D. Submandibular Salivary Glands

D. Submandibular Salivary Glands

Which of the following organs has a mucous type of gland? ``` A. Exocrine Pancreas B. Respiratory Tract C. Genital Tract D. Both B & C E. Both A & E ```

D. Both B & C

Which of the following organs has a serous type of gland? A. Exocrine Pancreas B. Respiratory Tract C. Genital Tract D. Submandibular Salivary Glands

A. Exocrine Pancreas

Type of secretion that communicates outside the surface epithelium with or without glands, basement membrane, lamina propia and muscularis mucosae. A. Mucosa B. Serosa C. Mixed

A. Mucosa/Mucous Membrane

A type of secretion that is present in closed cavities (peritoneal, pericardial, pleural). A. Mucosa B. Serosa C. Mixed

B. Serosa

Epithelia Malignancy. A. Carcinoma B. Adenocarcinoma C. Metaplasia D. Neoplasia

A. Carcinoma

Glandular Carcinoma. Epithelia Malignancy. A. Carcinoma B. Adenocarcinoma C. Metaplasia D. Neoplasia

B. Adenocarcinoma

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

(90 cards)