Epithelial Tissue Flashcards
(46 cards)
Where are epithelial tissues located?
They form the outer layer and sit on top of other tissues. Also, they make up glands and line the inside of hollow organs.
Name some characteristics of epithelial tissue.
They have an apex (or free top), cellularity, are avascular with nerve endings (innervation), regenerative, have cilia or microvilli, and are anchored with desmosomes and tight junctions (to form sheets of cells).
Define Squamous.
Flat or squashed.
Define Cubodial.
Cube-shaped.
Define Columnar
Column-like (nuclei sit at the bottom).
Define Transitional.
Stretchy and variably shaped.
What is simple epithelial tissue?
Has a single layer.
What is stratified epithelial tissue?
Has several layers.
What does the endocrine gland do?
Makes products and secretes them into the matrix. Capillaries come inside the gland to pick up the horomone.
What does the exocrine gland do?
Using a duct, it secretes the product outside the cell. Products may include saliva, mucous, sweat, milk, reproductive fluids, oil/wax, and enzymes.
What are the three methods exocrine cells use for secretion, and how do they do it?
- Merocrine secretion- cells release the product through exocytosis. (Ex: Mucus)
- Apocrine secretion- the apex of cells become full of product, pinches off and moves into the duct, and finally breaks down, releasing the product. (Ex: Milk)
- Holocrine secretion- the whole cell becomes full of product and ruptures to release the product. (Ex: sebaceous/oil gland with hair follicles).
Melanocytes release what type of pigment in response to the sun?
Melanin
What is keratin?
A tough protective and waterproof protein.
What is desquamification?
Since they-re dead, cells respond to friction by falling off. This takes friction away from the body.
What are the two types of skin cancer with a 99% cure rate, and what causes them?
Basal cell carcinoma (80% of skin cancers) and squamous cell carcinoma (15% of skin cancers). Too much sun exposure causes both.
What is the most deadly type of skin cancer, which grows through the basement membrane and spreads?
Malignant melanoma (it counts for 3-5% of skin cancers, and is growing).
What does basal cell carcinoma look like?
It looks like a pimple that will not go away.
What does squamous cell carcinoma look like?
It can appear red and scaly (may bleed), but does not heal or go away.
What are moles?
Groups of melanocytes.
What is the ABCD method of looking for skin cancer?
A: Asymmetry
B: Boarder
C: Color
D: Diameter
What burns are known as partial thickness burns and will heal with no scarring?
1st and 2nd degree burns.
Explain 1st degree burns (i.e. the signs and symptomes, healing time, treatment, and what the burn is).
S&S: painful, red, no blisters
Healing time: 3-7 days
Treatment: cool compress and aloe vera
*The top part of the epidermis is burned, which irritates nerve endings.
Explain 2nd degree burns (i.e. the signs and symptoms, healing time, treatment, and what it is).
S&S: painful, red, blisters, pealing of damaged/dead skin days later.
Healing time: 7-10 days, depending on the burn.
Treatment: cool compress, aloe vera, and do not break blisters.
*Burn in the epidermis and into the dermis.
Explain 3rd degree burns (i.e. the signs and symptoms, healing time, treatment, and what it is).
S&S: no pain, whitish/grayish color, skin slippage, and oozing of fluid.
Healing time: months to a year, depending on location and percentage of body burned.
Treatment: IV fluid administation, increase calorie intake, IV antibiotics, debriedment (removal of dead skin), wrapping wound with protective covering or skin grafts, and therapy (physical/emotional)
*Burn that is the entire thickness of the epidermis and dermis
