Epithelial Tissues

Question 1

How are cells held together?

Answer 1

By adhesions/junctions

Question 2

What are the 4 tissue types?

Answer 2

1. Connective tissue
2. Nervous tissue
3. Muscle
4. Epithelial

Question 3

What to epithelial cells bind to via adhesions/cell junctions?

Answer 3

Themselves and the basement membrane

Question 4

What makes the basement membrane?

Answer 4

Epithelial cells and connective tissue

Question 5

What germ layer is epithelial derived from?

Answer 5

All three germ layers

Question 6

What are the three surfaces of an epithelialcell?

Answer 6

1. Free apical surface
2. Basal surface
3. Lateral surface

Question 7

What is on the free apical surface of the epithelial cell?

Answer 7

Lumens of ducts and cavities

Question 8

What is on the lateral surface of an epithelial cell?

Answer 8

Attachments to other epithelial cells including tight juntions and gap juntions

Question 9

What is on the basal surface of an epithelial cell?

Answer 9

Attachments to the basal membrane

Question 10

What are three specialisations some free apical surfaces of epithelial cells can have?

Answer 10

1. Microvilli
2. Stereocillia
3. Cilia

Question 11

What are microvilli?

Answer 11

Cytoplasmic protusions which increase the surface area

Question 12

What are stereocilia?

Answer 12

Long versions of microvilli but are limited in distrubutuion and non-mobile

Question 13

What are cilia?

Answer 13

Motile hair-like protusions that beat together

Question 14

Where are cilia found?

Answer 14

In respiratory epithelial and in the fallopian tubes

Question 15

What reduces cillia movement?

Answer 15

Smoking

Question 16

What are specilisations that can occur on the basolateral surfaces of the epithelial cells?

Answer 16

Junctions

Question 17

What are the functions of the junctions on the basolateral membrane?

Answer 17

They allow attaching cell together and exchanging of information and metabolities

Question 18

What are the three types of jucntions sometimes seen on basolateral surfaces of epithelial cells?

Answer 18

1. Tight junctions
2. Anchoring junctions
3. Gap junctions

Question 19

What is the functions of tight junctions?

Answer 19

Seal cells together

Question 20

What is apical part of the lateral domain of the tight junction that fuses two cells together called?

Answer 20

The zona occuldens

Question 21

What is the function of anchoring junctions?

Answer 21

Mechanically attachs cells together

Question 22

What are two components of anchoring junctions?

Answer 22

Desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

Question 23

What is another name for desmosomes?

Answer 23

Zona adhrens

Question 24

Where are desomosomes found?

Answer 24

The lateral domain

Question 25

Where are hemidesomosomes dound?

Answer 25

The basal domain

Question 26

What are gap junctions?

Answer 26

A passage of chemical/electrical signals between cells

Question 27

What are the three ways to classify epithelial?

Answer 27

1. Number of layers 2. Shape of cells 3. Specilisations

Question 28

What are the three categories when cateogrising epithelial under number of cells?

Answer 28

1. Simple 2. Stratified 3. Pseduostratified

Question 29

What are the four categories when epithalial is classified by cell shape?

Answer 29

1. Squamous 2. Cuboidal 3. Columnar 4. Transitional

Question 30

Where is simple squamous epithelial found?

Answer 30

Blood vessels, heart and alveoi

Question 31

What is the function of simple squamous epithelial?

Answer 31

Diffusion, absorption, secretion

Question 32

Where is simple cuboidal epithelial found?

Answer 32

In the kidneys, glands, bronchioles

Question 33

Where is stratified squamous epithelia found?

Answer 33

Cornea, oral cavity, oesophagus, vagina, anus

Question 34

What kind of epithelial is found in skin

Answer 34

Stratified keratinized epithlial

Question 35

What is the difference between keratinized and non-keratinized epithelia

Answer 35

nonkertainized is moist and keratinized are dead cells filled with keratin

Question 36

What kind of epithelium is rare?

Answer 36

Stratified cuboidal

Question 37

Where do you find stratidied columnar epithelium?

Answer 37

Mammary glands, larynx, male urethra

Question 38

Where do you find pseduostratified columnar epithelium?

Answer 38

Nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs - synthesis and secrete mucous

Question 39

Where do you find transitional epithelial?

Answer 39

Urinary bladder, kidney, urethra, uterers - where expansion occurs