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EPITHELIUM > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A
  • Protects underlying tissue from injury
  • Prevents loss of fluid from underlying tissue
  • prevents bacterial invasion
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2
Q

What is epithelium?

A

Group of tissues that cover body

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3
Q

What is epithelium made up of ?

And what can the be?

A

Packed cells

  • single layer
  • multi layer
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4
Q

What is epithelium specialised to do?

A

To from a lining / covering for ALL internal and external structures

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5
Q

Where can specialised epithelium he found?

A

Lining of cavities
Lining of tubes
In glands

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6
Q

What is the early layers of epithelium called?

A

Embryo germ layer

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7
Q

How many embryo germ layers does a human have? And what is this called?

A

3

Tribloblastic

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8
Q

What is the first layer of embryo germ layer?

A

Endoderm - outer

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9
Q

Describe the endoderm layer

A
  • inner layer

- provides epithelial lining to 2 majors tubes; digestive and respiratory

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10
Q

What is the second layer of embryo germ layer?

A

Mesoderm

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11
Q

Describe the mesoderm layer

A 
Middle layer 
Where body’s internal organs are found 
Gives rise too; 
- muscle 
- blood 
- connections tissue
- dentine 
- cementum
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12
Q

What is the third layer of embryo germ layer?

A

Ectoderm - outer

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13
Q

Describe the ectoderm layer

A

Outer layer
Gives rise to;

  • central nervous system
  • skin
  • enamel
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14
Q

What is the structure of epithelium ?

A

Cells closely packed together
Lie on basement membrane
Matrix is minimal
Receives nourishment from underlying connect tissue eg. Blood

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of epithelial tissue ?

A

Simple epithelium

Stratified epithelium

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16
Q

What are the 4 types of simple epithelium?

A

Squamous
Columnar
Cuboidal
Ciliated

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17
Q

Where are the types of simple epithelium found?

A

Usually In absorptive and secretory areas.

Not in areas subject to stress

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18
Q

Describe squamous epithelium

A

Single layer

Closely fit together / slot together = smooth inactive lining

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19
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

A

Blood vessels
Lining of body cavities
Alveoli of lungs

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20
Q

Describe simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Fit closely together on basement membrane

Cubed shaped

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21
Q

What is simple cuboidal epithelium involved in?

A

Absorption
Secretory
Excretion

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22
Q

What does simple cuboidal epithelium from?

A 
Some glands (eg. Salivary)
Kidney tubules
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23
Q

Describe simple columnar epithelium

A

Single layer
Elongated in shape
Height greater than width

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24
Q

What does simple columnar epithelium line?

A

Line organs
Alimentary tract
Ducts of glands (salivary glands)

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25
Why is simple columnar epithelium specialised?
Had modified cells - releases goblet cells
26
What does a goblet cell do and where is it found
Secretes mucous | In simple columnar epithelium
27
Describe ciliated columnar epithelium
Has fine like hair processes called Cilla only seen on edge of the cells / free surface of cells.
28
Where is cilia found?
On the edge of cells of free surface of cells | In columnar epithelium
29
What does cilia do?
Fine hair like processes Has beating action (one direction only) Propels contents of tube - respiratory epithelium.
30
What is ciliated epithelium covered In? And what does it do?
Mucous - traps minute dust particles, propels towards opening of cavity - action done by cilia
31
What is a hemidesmosomes and what do they do
Specialised juncting complexes | Enables cells to adhere to eachother
32
What are hemi-demosomes called when they join
Demosomes
33
Where are hemi-demosomes found?
Cell membrane of epithelial cells OR | Between epithelial and connective tissue
34
What do heno-desmosomes have?
Tonifibrils
35
What do tonofibrils do?
Cause thickening of cell wall | Radiate into cytoplasm
36
Describe stratified / compound epithelium & it’s function
Several layers Superficial layers grow up from below Basement membrane usually absent Protects underlying structures
37
Describes Stratified squamous epithelium & give examples
Composed of different shaped cells Deepest layer continuously multiples Skin Mucous membranes
38
What are the 2 types of stratified squamous epithelium?
Keratinised | Non-keratinised
39
What are the 4 layers of keratinised stratified squamous epithelium?
Basal Prickle Granular Keratin
40
Describe basal layer
On move all the time. Cells pushing top too 24/7. Single layer of cells at base Repeatedly divide which pushes cells above surface.
41
What happened to basal layer in areas of increased friction?
Basal layer folds. Which results in increased surface area called rete ridges
42
What other features does the basal layer contain apart from rete ridges?
Dermal Papillae
43
What is deal papillae?
Finger like projections of the connective tissue which extends into epithelium
44
Describe prickle cell layer
Cells changes from cuboidal to polyhedral - which it has multiple layers of
45
What are the prickles in prickle cell layer formed by?
Desmosomes
46
What does polyhedral mean?
Many sided shaped
47
Describe granular layer
1-5 layers of flattened polyhedral cells | Contains karatohyaline granules in cytoplasm
48
Describes keratin layer
Outer layer of flattened cell remnants Replaced by cells from below Lost it’s nucleus - called squames
49
Describe non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Granular and keratin Layer absent Prickle layer is flattened Outer layer of flattened cells continuously sheds 2 layers only - prickle and basal
50
What are the 2 layers of non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium?
Prickle | Basal
51
What is an example of non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium?
Gingiva
52
What epithelium is gingiva?
Non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
53
What is a membrane
Sheets of epithelial tissue that’s covers /lines internal structures and cavities
54
What are the types of membranes?
Mucous Serous Synovial
55
What does mucous membranes line?
Alimentary tract Respiratory tract Reproductive tract
56
What does epithelial cells produce?
Produce secretion - goblet cells secrete mucous
57
How does epithelial composition vary?
Depending on function and location
58
How is oral epithelium / mucous membranes moistened?
Salivary gland fluid
59
What is the function of mucous membranes?
Protection Prevents chemical and mechanical injury (lubrication) Prevents dehydration Defence against micro-organisms and foreign particles
60
What do serous membranes line?
Lines cavities NOT open to external environment- secrete lubricating fluid
61
What does serous membrane consist of
2 layers of simple squamous epithelium
62
What are the 2 layers of serous membranes?
Parietal layer | Visceral layer
63
What is the function of the visceral layer? & what does it secrete?
Surrounds outside of organs | Secretes thin watery serous fluid
64
What is the function of parietal layer? And what does it secrete?
Lines walls of cavities | Secretes thin watery serous fluid
65
Where is the location of serous membranes?
Pleura Pericardium Peritoneum
66
What is the pleura
Lining of the thorax
67
What is the pericardium?
Membrane enclosing the heart
68
What is the peritoneum?
Lining of abdominal cavity
69
What is the function of serous membranes
Allows organs to glide freely within the cavity
70
What is the only membrane that’s not an epithelial one?
Synovial membrane
71
What does synovial membrane consist of?
Areolar connective tissue and elastic fibres
72
What do the synovial membrane cells secrete? And what is this called
Clear, sticky, oily fluid - synovial fluid
73
What is synovial fluid?
Clear, sticky, oily
74
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Lubricates joints - maintain stability and prevents injury
75
What is a gland
Groups of epithelial cells which produce a specialised secretion
76
What is grandular epithelium
Is a type of epithelial tissue which covers the glands of the body
77
What are the 2 main glands?
Endocrine | Exocrine
78
Describe an exocrine gland and give examples
Discharges secretion onto epithelial surface is an organ Eg. Salivary gland Digestive gland
79
Describe an endocrine gland and give examples
``` Ductless Discharge hormones/chemical messengers directly into the blood stream Eg. Thyroid Adrenal Pituitary ```
80
What are the classifications of Excocrine glands
Simple Compound Tubular Alveolar
81
What is an example of simple tubular
Intestinal glands
82
What is a simple duct structure
Duct that does not branch
83
What is an example of simple branched tubular
Stomach glands
84
What is an example of simple branches alveolar
Sebaceous glands
85
What is an example of compound tubular
Duodenal glands of small intestine
86
What is an example of compound alveolar
Mammary glands
87
What is an example of compound tubuloalveolar
SALIVARY GLANDS!!!
88
What are the simple duct structures
Simple tubular Simple branched tubular Simple alveolar Simple branch alveolar
89
What are the compound duct structures
Compound tubular Compound alveolar Compound tubuloalveolar
90
Describe compound alveolar / tubuloalveolar
Complex glands | Arranged around central duct
91
What does race mose gland mean
Salivary gland - glands that form a cluster
92
What is a salivary gland
Compound tubuloalveolar

EPITHELIUM (2 decks)

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