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Zoology - structural organisation in animals > Epithilial tissue > Flashcards

Epithilial tissue Flashcards

1
Q

who introduced the word epithelium

A

ruysch

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2
Q

general location

A

linings of organs and present as glands

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3
Q

content between the cells

A

little intercellular material

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4
Q

two surfaces of epithelial tissue

A

free and basal surface

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5
Q

to what is the basal membrane attached to

A

acellular basement membrane

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6
Q

function of basement membrane

A

provides elastic support

anchors epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue for nutrition

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7
Q

function of free surface

A

to provide protection (either faces bodily fluid or faces the external environment )

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8
Q

parts of basement membrane

A

basal lamina

reticular or fibrous lamina

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9
Q

basal lamina

A

has the epithelial tissue to it

made of mucopolysaccharides and glycoprotiens

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10
Q

fibrous lamina

A

attached to the connective tissue

made of collagen or reticular fibre secreted by the connective tissue

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11
Q

general location of simple epithelium

A

lining for body cavities, ducts and tubes

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12
Q

types of simple epithelium

A 
squamous 
cuboidal 
columnar
ciliated
psuedostratified 
glandular
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13
Q

pavement epithelium

A

squamous epithelium but know so becaus it is closely fitted with a single layer of irregular boundaried flattened cells
has polygonal view from above

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14
Q

nuclei of epithelium (squamous)

A

central and flat

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15
Q

location of squamous epithelium

A 
walls of blood vessels
coelomic cavities 
alveoli
loop of henle for reabsorption 
bowmans capsule 
lymph vessels
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16
Q

function of squamous cells

A

filtration in bowmans capsule
exchange of material between blood vessels and tissues
exchange of gases

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17
Q

type of cells in cuboidal tissue

A

cubical cells with a central and rounded nuclei

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18
Q

brushbordered cuboidal tissue

A

has microvilli which are small finger like projections

increases surface area by a lot

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19
Q

location of brushbordered cuboidal tissue

A

proximal convoluted tube in nephrons

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20
Q

germinal epithelium

A

testes and ovaries

produces gametes

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21
Q

general location of cuboidal

A

ducts of glads, thyroid follicles, tubular parts of nephrons

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22
Q

function of cuboidal

A

secretion and excretion of glands

reabsorption of useful substances (PCT)

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23
Q

type of cells in columnar epithelium

A

Single layer of tall and Slender cells lying on a basement membrane and the nuclei are somewhat elevated Along the axis of the cell and lies near the base of the cell

24
Q

Goblet cells

A

mucus producing epithelium

25
Q

mucosa or mucous membrane

A

Epithelium containing mucus secreting cells along with underlying supporting connective tissue

26
Q

brush border epithelium columnar

A

The intestinal mucosa bearing microvilli which increase the absorptive surface area are called brush border columnar epithelium

27
Q

location of columnar epithelium

A

It is found in the lining of stomach and intestine

28
Q

function of columnar epithelium

A

Absorption and secretion

29
Q

intestinal juice or succus entericus

A

The secretion of the brush border cells of the mucosa along with the secretion of the Goblet cells constitutes the intestinal juice or succus entericus this juice contains enzyme such as walters life is die peptidases exercise help in the digestion of complex food materials into simple nutrients and are commonly called brush border enzymes

30
Q

ciliated epithelium

A

If the column Nora cuboidal cells with Celia which are hair like outgrowth on the free surface they are called ciliated epithelium the epithelium life over a basement membrane the number of Celia varies from one of you too numerous

31
Q

function of ciliated epithelium

A

The Seria remain in rhythmic motion and create a current to transport the materials which come in contact with them their function is to move particles or mucus in a specific direction over the epithelium

32
Q

ciliated cuboidal epitheliuma

A

Consists of cubical cells which have cilia on the free surface it occurs in smaller bronchioles in respiratory tract it helps in expelling the mucus and particles trapped in IT towards the pharynx

33
Q

ciliated columnar epithelium

A

It consists of columnar cells with Celia on the free surface this epithelium occurs in the inner surface of hollow organs like fallopian tubes which are known as oviduct and most of the respiratory tract additional e it helps in expelling the mucus and particles trapped in towards the pharynx

34
Q

pseudo stratified epithelium

A

Pseudostratified epithelium is a type of epithelium that do compromising only a single layer of cells has its nuclei position in a manner suggestive of stratified epithelium hence the name pseudo stratified or falsely multilayered

35
Q

structure of pseudostratified epithelium

A

It’s cells are columnar but un equal in size the long cell extend upto the free surface the short cells do not reach me out of resurfaced the long sir have an oval nuclear however the short cells have rounded nuclear the mucus secreting Goblet cells also occur in this epithelium the nucleoli at different levels in different cells hence called pseudo stratified

36
Q

location of psuedotratified epithelium

A

pseudo stratified non ciliated columnar epithelium tissue is found in urethra of human male and the last ducts of certain glands that is the parotid salivary gland pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium is found in trachea and large bronchi

37
Q

simple tubular gland

A

Intestine example crypts of lieberkuhn

38
Q

simple alveolar where the terminal part forms alveolus

A

Mucous gland in skin of frog poison gland in toad

39
Q

simple coiledTubular

A

Sweat glands

40
Q

branched tubular

A

Gastric glands in stomach

41
Q

branched alveolar

A

Sebaceous glands

42
Q

compound tubular

A

Mammary glands of prototherians

43
Q

compound saccular alveolar gland

A

Salivary glands that is the sublingual and submaxillary

44
Q

compound tubuloalveolar or tubular sacculor

A

mammary glands pancreas parotid salivary gland cowper’s gland bartholin gland

45
Q

holocrine glands

A

Sebaceous gland where the product of secretion is shared with the whole cell leading to its destruction

46
Q

merocrine gland

A

The pancreas salivary glands intestinal glands and sweat glands this is when the secretary granules leave the cell by exocytosis very simple diffusion with no loss of other cellular material

47
Q

apocrine glands

A

Mammary gland and axillary sweat glands only the apical portion of the cytoplasm is discharged along with the secretary product

48
Q

stratified non keratinized squamous epithelium

A

Covers most surfaces such as those of buccal cavity pharynx and oesophagus it has superficial layers of living squamous cells and deeper layers of intellect polygonal cells

49
Q

stratified keratinized squamous epithelium

A

Covers the dry surface of skin it has many superficial layers of horney scale like remains of dead squamous cells and several deeper layers of living polygonal cells heavy deposits of the insoluble protein keratin in the dead superficial cells make the epithelium impervious to water and highly resistant to mechanical abrasions

50
Q

tight junctions are the zonular occludens

A

Help to stop substances from leaking across the tissue the plasma membrane in the apical parts of the adjacent epithelial cells become tightly packed together or or even fuse to form the tight junctions

51
Q

interdigitation

A

These are inter fitting like processes of the cell membrane of the adjacent cells the increase the area of surface contact between the adjacent cells and therefore the adhesion

52
Q

intercellular bridges

A

These a minute projections that arise two adjacent cell membrane they make contact with one another

53
Q

gap junctions

A

Facilitate the cells to communicate with each other by connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent cells for Rapid transfer of iron small molecules and sometime is big molecules

54
Q

intermediate junctions or zonula adherens

A

These usually occurred just below tight junctions the intercellular space at this place is contains a clear low electron density fluid there is a dense plate or structure like structure on cytoplasmic side of each plasma membrane from which find microfilaments of actin and stained into the cytoplasm there is no intercellular filaments between the adjacent cell membranes there is a adhesive material at this point they probably serve anchoring function

55
Q

desmosomes or macular adherence

A

Perform cementing to keep the neighbouring cells together these are like zonula adherens but are thicker and stronger and disc like junctions their intracellular protein the plaque like structure are much thicker. the microfilaments which extend from black like structures into the cytoplasm are not a fact in but of Keratin like protein and these microfilaments are called tonofibrils desmosomes serve anchoring function

56
Q

hemidesmosomes

A

Like desmosomes but the thickening is on one side

join epithelial cells to basal lamina

Zoology - structural organisation in animals (2 decks)

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