Eponymous Syndromes Flashcards
LS (258 cards)
1
Q
Currarino syndrome / Currarino triad
A
association of 3 major features: (partial) sacral agenesis, anorectal stenosis (or other low anorectal malformation), and presacral masses, including meningocele, teratoma, enteric cyst, or combination of these
2
Q
Guillain-Barre syndrome
A
characterized by peripheral polyneuropathy affecting all 4 limbs, w/ or w/o CN involvement, w/c causes acute neuromuscular failure, clinically characterized by symmetric weakness/paralysis, assoc w/ loss of tendon reflexes, w/ little or no sensory loss, as well as elevated proteins in CSF w/o pleocytosis
3
Q
Klippel-Feil syndrome
A
congenital malformation characterized by failure in the segmentation of 2 or more cervical vertebrae
4
Q
Sharpey fibers
A
fibers in the outer ring of the annulus fibrosus that originate and insert in the compact cortical bone in the ring apophysis
5
Q
Sharpey’s fibers
A
anchors the annulus to the adjacent vertebral bodies / attaches the disks to the vertebral bodies
6
Q
Tarlov cysts
A
enlarged root pouches
7
Q
multipotential cells of Hensen’s node
A
where sacrococcygeal teratomas arise; these migrate to lie within the coccyx
8
Q
Brown-Sequard syndrome
A
ipsilateral paralysis, decreased tactile, and deep sensation, and a contralateral deficit in pain and temperature sensation
9
Q
Brown-Sequard syndrome
A
purely unilateral transverse lesion above midlumbar spinal cord levels
10
Q
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
A
inherited disorder w/ macrosomia, macroglossia, visceromegaly, omphalocele, embryonal tumors, adrenocortical cytomegaly, and renal abnormalities; neonatal hypoglycemia may also occur
11
Q
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
A
omphalocele, macroglossia, gigantism, macrosomia, hemihypertrophy; Wilms tumor is associated
12
Q
Canavan disease
A
NAA aciduria and NAA accumulation in the brain
13
Q
Terson syndrome
A
intraocular (subhyaloid - MC, retinal, or vitreous) hemorrhage that is found in 12-13% of patients with aSAH
14
Q
Kernohan notch
A
As the herniating temporal lobe pushes the midbrain toward the opposite side of the incisura, the contralatral cerebral peduncle is forced against the hard, knife-like edge of the tentorium, forming a Kernohan notch
15
Q
Duret hemorrhage
A
secondary hemorrhagic midbrain infarct caused by occlusion/compression of the perforating arteries that arise from the top of the basilar artery during severe descending transtentorial herniation when the midbrain is inferiorly displaced and the midbrain-pontine angle is closed
16
Q
Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms
A
lenticulostriate microaneurysms; aka bleeding globes
17
Q
Weston-Hurst disease
A
aka acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy, hemorrhagic form of ADEM; multifocal hemorrhages confined to the WM in a patient with a history of febrile illness followed by sudden neurologic deterioration are most likely secondary to this disease
18
Q
Aicardi syndrome
A
X-linked, triad: CC agenesis, pathognomonic chorioretinal lacunae, and infantile spasms; choroid plexus papillomas are also a part of this syndrome
19
Q
Bochdalek’s flower basket
A
bulbous tufts of choroid plexus in the CPA cistern extending from the 4th ventricle through its lateral recesses (normal finding)
20
Q
Carney complex / syndrome
A
rare AD syndrome characterized by lentiginous facial pigmentation / spotty pigmented lesions of the skin and mucosa, cardiac, cutaneous, and other myxomas, and multiple endocrine tumors (such as pituitary adenoma) / endocrine overactivity, and Cushing syndrome; melanotic schwannomas occurs in 10% of cases; GH-producing pituitary tumors; adrenal involvement causing ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome
21
Q
McCune-Albright syndrome
A
polyostotic FD w/ endocrinopathy; classic triad: endocrine dysfunction (precocious puberty/gonadotropin-independent sexual precocity), cutaneous hyperpigmentation (cafe au lait spots), and multiple fibrous dysplasia lesions; tumors or nodular hyperplasia of a number of endocrine glands lead to hypersecretory syndromes such as acromegaly, hyperprolactinemia, and Cushing syndrome
22
Q
Albright’s syndrome
A
polyostotic, unilateral form of FD w/ ipsilateral cafe-au-lait spots and endocrine dysfunction that produces precocious puberty in girls
23
Q
Albright’s syndrome
A
polyostotic FD + pigmented skin macules and sexual precocity. Skin pigmentations have irregular margins (“coast of Maine”) as opposed to the smoother-bordered pigmentations (“coast of California”) of neurofibromatosis. Young girls
24
Q
Dawson fingers
A
centripetal perivenular extension radiating outward from the lateral ventricles, seen in MS
25
de Morsier syndrome
other term for septooptic dysplasia
26
Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome
cerebral hemiatrophy typically caused by an in utero or early childhood cerebral insult; lack of ipsilateral brain growth causes the calvaria and diploic space to thicken, whereas the paranasal sinuses and mastoids become enlarged and hyperaerated
27
Fowler syndrome
rare AR disorder in which hydranencephaly is accompanied by glomeruloid vasculopathy of the CNS vessels and neurogenic muscular atrophy
28
Gardner syndrome
multiple osteomas occur together w/ skin tumors and colon polyps
29
Gardner's syndrome
AD, consists of multiple osteomas, multiple colonic polyps, epidermoid and sebaceous cysts, desmoid tumors of the skin, and impacted supernumerary and permanent teeth
30
Ollier disease
multiple enchondromas or enchondromatosis
31
Maffucci syndrome
enchondromatosis, hemangiomas / enchondromas associated w/ soft tissue hemangiomas
32
Gorlin syndrome
aka basal cell nevus syndrome; associated with medulloblastomas + dense tentorial/falcine calcifications
33
Joubert syndrome, JS-related disorders
anomalies of the kidneys, eyes, extremities, liver, and bile ducts are common in the JSRD spectrum; hallmark: molar tooth sign
34
Kallman syndrome
olfactory aplasia/hypoplasia + hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; pituitary gland hypoplasia as well as visual and septal anomalies are common; neuronal migration disorder that results in hypoplastic or absent olfactory nerves and sulci
35
Lhermitte-Duclos disease
dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma; a major CNS manifestation of Cowden syndrome (multiple hamartoma syndrome; AD phacomatosis w/ vast majority of patients having hamartomatous neoplasms of the skin combined with neoplasms and hamartomas of multiple other organs; AD familial tumor syndrome that causes a spectrum of hamartomas and neoplasms; multiple hamartoma-neoplasia syndrome or PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome; breast, thyroid, endometrium, and GI cancers are the most prevalent other neoplasms)
36
Cowden-Lhermitte-Duclos / COLD syndrome
LDD + CS
37
Lisch nodules
iris hamartomas
38
Liliequist membrane
prominent basal arachnoid membrane that forms trabeculae that cross the suprasellar cistern and cover the hypothalamus and diaphragm sellae
39
Luckenschadel
lacunar skull; focal calvarial thinning and scooped out appearance
40
malignant Triton tumors
histologically mixed neoplasms (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors with rhabdomyoblastic and other heterologous elements) that are very characteristic of NF1
41
Marchiafava-Bignami disease
rare disorder characterized by osmotic demyelination and later necrosis of the corpus callosum
42
Morel laminar necrosis
extracallosal lesion/cerebral cortical lesion seen in the frontolateral cortex in Marchiafava-Bignami disease
43
median prosencephalic vein of Markowski
persistent embryonic precursor of the vein of Galen
44
vein of Galen
formed by the union of the bilateral internal cerebral veins and basal veins of Rosenthal in the quadrigeminal cistern; unites with the inferior sagittal sinus at the falcotentorial junction to form the straight sinus
45
vein of Labbe
prominent posterior anastomotic vein that courses inferolaterally over the temporal lobe to drain into the transverse sinus - INFERIOR ANASTOMOTIC VEIN
46
vein of Trolard
dominant anastomotic superior cortical vein that receives the superficial middle cerebral vein and courses upward from the sylvian fissure to join the SSS - SUPERIOR ANASTOMOTIC VEIN
47
Miller-Dieker syndrome
classic lissencephaly + severe facial deformities; frontal bossing, hypertelorism, upturned nose, small jaw, and prominent upper lip with thin vermilion border
48
Nelson syndrome
rapid enlargement of a pituitary adenoma following bilateral adrenalectomy, presentation of corticotroph tumors
49
Pallister-Hall syndrome
digital malformations and other midline (epiglottis/larynx) and cardiac, renal, or anal anomalies in addition to the hypothalamic hamartomas
50
rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome
AD familial cancer syndrome characterized by a markedly increased risk of developing malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) including AT/RT; may develop AT/RT w/ a synchronous renal or extrarenal MRT; other CNS tumors assoc w/ RTPS: choroid plexus carcinoma and rhabdoid meningioma
51
Richter syndrome
transformation of CLL into diffuse large non-Hodgkin lymphoma
52
Pot puffy tumor
fluctuant (doughy), tender erythematous swelling of the frontal scalp; specific sign for frontal bone osteomyelitis w/ a subperiosteal asbscess; most occur in the setting of untreated frontal sinusisits; epidural empyema may for if posterior table of frontal sinus is breached;
53
Sheehan syndrome
ischemic necrosis of anterior pituitary due to severe postpartum hemorrhage, which may result to secondary empty sella; rare variant of pituitary apoplexy
54
Sneddon syndrome
antiphospholipid syndrome with widespread livedo reticularis and ischemic cerebrovascular episodes
55
Sturge-Weber syndrome
encephalo-trigeminal angiomatosis
56
Taylor cortical dysplasia
other term for focal cortical dysplasia
57
Walker-Warburg syndrome
triad of congenital muscular dystrophy, brain anomalies (primarily cobblestone cortex), and ocular abnormalities
58
Wyburn-Mason syndrome
AVMs are found in both the retina and brain
59
Richter hernias
involve only a portion of the antimesenteric wall of the bowel in the hernia sac
60
main duct of Wirsung
joins CBD at the sphincter of Oddi to enter the duodenum
61
accessory duct of Santorini
drains the anterior and superior portions of the pancreatic head; drains into the duodenum via the minor papilla
62
Caroli disease
rare congenital anomaly of the biliary tract characterized by sacular dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary tree, cholangitis, and gallstone formation in the absence of cirrhosis or portal hypertension
63
Caroli syndrome
Caroli disease + congenital hepatic fibrosis
64
Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome
cutaneous hemangioma, venous varicosities, soft tissue and bony hypertrophy of an extremity; associated with multiple splenic hemangiomas that appear strikingly cystic
65
Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome
associated with cavernous hemangioma of the colon
66
Von Hippel-Lindau disease
rare AD disorder characterized by cerebellar, spinal cord, and retinal hemangioblastomas, renal and pancreatic cysts, clear cell RCC, and pheochromocytoma
67
Von Hippel-Lindau disease
AD; cerebellar hemangioblastoas, retinal angiomatosis, RCCs, pheochromocytoma, or spinal hemangioblastomas
68
Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome
hereditary cancer syndrome associated with early development of multicentric and bilateral RCCs - just like vHL but RCC is of chromophobe type
69
Gerota fascia
anterior renal fascia; one layer of connective tissue; thin
70
Zuckerkandl fascia
posterior renal fascia; consists of 2 layers of connective tissue; thicker than the anterio renal fascia
71
Hasselbach triangle
inguinal triangle; lateral - inferior epigastric vessels, medial - edge of rectus, inferior - pubic bone
72
Petit triangle
inferior lumbar triangle; small triangle of internal oblique musculature just above the iliac crest, exposed as the EO muscle attaches anteriorly to the iliac crest and tendon of lat dorsi passes posteriorly; the site of spontaneous lumbar hernias
73
Spigelian hernia
classic site is in the aponeuroses of the transversus abdominis and IO muscles just lateral to the rectus abdominis near the level of the arcuate line; not apparent when small because they are confined deep to the strong EOM
74
Morgagni hernia
anterior hernia; retrosternal or just lateral to the xiphoid on either side; weakness at the site of penetration of the diaphragm by superior epigastric vessels
75
Bochdalek hernia
posterior hernia; incomplete closure of pleuroperitoneal canal; as likely on the right as on the left
76
Richter hernia
partial hernia involving only one side of the bowel wall
77
Boerhaave syndrome
violent vomiting leading to a distal esophageal tear
78
Nissen fundoplication
complete 360 deg wrap
79
Toupet fundoplication
partial 270 deg wrap
80
smooth muscle pacemaker cells of Cajal
from where GISTs arise
81
Krukenberg tumor
drop mets to the ovaries by gastric ca?
82
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
increased gastric acid secretion secondary to the neuroendocrine tumor, gastrinoma; diffuse rugal fold thickening can be seen in this condition
83
Meckel diverticulum
remnant of omphalomesenteric duct; approximately 30 cm from ileocecal valve along the antimesenteric border of the ileum; seldom diagnosed on CT except for rare cases of complication
84
Whipple disease
malabsorptive state caused by gram+ bacillus; jejunal fold thickening and very low density bulky mesenteric lymphadenopathy
85
Whipple disease
multiorgan disorder caused by Trophermyema whippleii; multiple low-attenuation lymph nodes or diffuse mediastinal infiltration. Abnormal phagocystosis of bacteria results in extensive accumulation of macrophages w/ fatty vacuoles in affected organs.
86
SMA syndrome
mechanical obstruction of 3rd duodenum as it passes b/n aorta and SMA; usually setting of rapid weight loss to the point of cachexia; CT: abrupt tapering of 3rd duodenum as it crosses midline
87
Riedel's lobe
MC congenital anomaly of the liver; excessive development; more common in women; senile accessory lobe that extends caudally from the inferior aspect of the right lobe and often has a bulbous configuration
88
von Meyenburg complexes
biliary hamartomas; benign malformations of bile ducts which present as small, cyst-like deformed bile ducts embedded within dense connective tissue
89
von Gierke disease
glycogen storage disease type I; hepatic adenomas are common
90
Budd-Chiari syndrome
rare; obstruction of hepatic venous outflow, at the level of the large hepatic veins or the IVC
91
Ivemark syndrome
congenital asplenia syndrome; right isomerism
92
Bouveret's syndrome
obstruction at the level of the duodeum in whom a gallstone has gained access to the GIT via GB perforation
93
Rokitanksy-Aschoff sinuses
formed by overgrown mucosa protruding through the thickened muscular layer in adenomyomatosis
94
Caroli disease
type V choledochal cysts; communicating cavernous ectasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts; multiple cystic dilatations of the intrahepatic bile ducts
95
Mirrizzi syndrome
obstruction of CBD or CHD, usually in the setting of gallbladder neck or cystic duct obstruction by one or more impacted stones; propensity is enhanced in patients in whom the cystic duct parallels the CHD; definition has been expanded to include variants in w/c stones pass into CHD via a cholecystocholedochal fistula
96
Gamna-Gandy bodies
small siderotic nodules in the spleen that contain varying amounts of hemosiderin, fibrous tissue, and calcium
97
Gaucher disease
AR deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase; accumulation within macrophages of glucocerebroside (a breakdown product from cell membranes)
98
Gaucher cells
lipid-laden macrophages
99
Santorini
dorsal duct
100
Wirsung
ventral duct
101
Schwachmann-Diamond syndrome
2nd mcc of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in children; lipomatosis of the pancreas is the typical pathologic feature of the syndrome
102
Schwachmann-Diamond syndrome
AR hereditary pancreatic disease; exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, neutropenia, metaphyseal dysostosis, and dwarfism; fatty replacement of the pancreas
103
Johansen-Blizzard syndrome
congenital aplasia of the alae nasi, deafness, hypothyroidism, dwarfism, absent permanent teeth, and malabsorption; pancreatic insufficiency. Total lack of normal panc and fatty replacement of pancreatic bed is the characteristic CT finding. DM will develop (in contrast to Schwachman-Diamond syndrome).
104
Castleman disease
idiopathic, benign entity characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue into tumoral masses
105
Castleman disease
angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia; less common cause of calcified lymph nodes
106
May-Thurner syndrome
aka iliocaval compression syndrome; compression and partial obstruction of the left common iliac vein by the crossing right common iliac artery, w/c may result in chronic venous stasis or DVT in the LLE
107
nutcracker syndrome
left renal vein is compressed between the aorta and abnormally steeply angled origination of the SMA; left renal vein hypertension -> varices around the renal hilum and proximal ureter
108
column of Bertin
renal variant visualized as an anomalous thickened appearance of the renal cortex
109
WAGR syndrome
Wilms, aniridia, GU abnormalities, retardation
110
DRASH syndrome
Wilms, congenital nephropathy, pseudohermaphroditism
111
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
omphalocele, macroglossia, gigantism, macrosomia, hemihypertrophy; Wilms tumor is associated
112
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
inherited disorder w/ macrosomia, macroglossia, visceromegaly, omphalocele, embryonal tumors, adrenocortical cytomegaly, and renal abnormalities; neonatal hypoglycemia may also occur
113
Bellini duct carcinoma
aka collecting duct carcinoma or renal medullary carcinoma; rare
114
Conn syndrome
primary aldosteronism; excess adrenal production of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone
115
Rokitansky-Meyer-Kuster-Hauser syndrome
failure of development of the mullerian ducts in association w/ congenital anomalies, usually of the skeleton
116
Stein-Leventhal syndrome
triad of hirsutism, obesity, and amenorrhea; most have elevated LH; PCOS?
117
pyriformis syndrome
increased T2 signal with associated damage to the sciatic nerve w/ resulting leg pain
118
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome
hemangioendothelioma w/ bleeding diathesis secondary to platelet sequestration
119
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome
consumptive coagulopathy; noted in hemangiomas
120
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome
consumptive coagulopathy due to sequestration and destruction of clotting factors within the lesion; scalp hemangiomas presenting w/ this syndrome have been reported
121
Rotter's nodes
interpectoral lymph nodes
122
Raider triangle
retrotracheal space; potential space between the posterior right half of trachea and posteriorly positioned right lateral wall of esophagus
123
Kartagener's syndrome
subset of ciliary dyskinesia syndrome; about 20% with situs inversus have Kartagener's
124
hypogenetic lung or scimitar syndrome
right lower lobe pulmonary vein draining caudally into an enlarged subdiaphragmatic IVC; small right lung, ipsilateral mediastinal displacement, a corresponding small PA, and occasionally PAPVR from the right lung to the IVC
125
diverticulum of Kommerell
dilated origin of ARSA
126
Whipple disease
multiorgan disorder caused by Trophermyema whippleii; multiple low-attenuation lymph nodes or diffuse mediastinal infiltration. Abnormal phagocystosis of bacteria results in extensive accumulation of macrophages w/ fatty vacuoles in affected organs.
127
Whipple disease
malabsorptive state caused by gram+ bacillus; jejunal fold thickening and very low density bulky mesenteric lymphadenopathy
128
Castleman disease
angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia; less common cause of calcified lymph nodes
129
Castleman disease
idiopathic, benign entity characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue into tumoral masses
130
Marfan syndrome
2 major inherited connective tissue disorders known to affect the arterial wall
131
midaortic dysplastic syndrome
infrequent cause of distal thoracic aorta stenosis; congenital, noninflammatory hypoplasia affecting the thoracoabdominal aorta
132
Wegener granulomatosis
necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis that primarily involves the upper and lower RT, usually assoc w/ renal involvement; tracheal involvement is unusual and is most often a late manifestation of dse
133
Mounier-Kuhn syndrome
tracheobronchomegaly; rare disorder characterized by dilatation of the trachea and main bronchi, secondary to atrophy of muscular and elastic tissues w/ both cartilaginous and membranous portions of the trachea being involved; results in easy collapsibility of central airways during expiration, w/c in turn predisposes to infection; transverse diameter of trachea is >3 cm; diameters of right and left main bronchi is >2.4 and 2.3 cm, respectively; with formation of diverticula in the wall, as the result of atrophy of the cartilage, muscles, and elastic tissues of the central airways
134
Pancoast tumor
neoplasm that demonstrate invasion above the lung apex
135
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia; most of the multiple pulmonary arteriorvenous malformations occur in assoc w/ this condition
136
Hamman-Rich syndrome
former name of acute interstitial pneumonia
137
Sjogren syndrome
manifested by dry eyes and mouth and polyarthritis; pulmonary manifestations most commonly are in the form of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia
138
Loeffler syndrome
idiopathic acute pulmonary eosinophilia; typically involving the upper and mid lung zones and often transient and migratory
139
Swyer-James syndrome
hyperlucent small or normal-sized lung with diminished vascular supply, believed to be a result of bronchiolitis obliterans occuring in early childhood as a complication of a viral infection
140
Lady Windermere syndrome
form of M. avium intracellulare seen in older women with no predisposing illness; occur in fastidious elderly women who do not expectorate
141
Berquist's triad
rib fractures, spine/pelvic fractures, and diaphragmatic rupture
142
Dressler's syndrome
pericardial effusion postmyocardial infarction
143
postpericardiotomy syndrome
pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery
144
postpneumonectomy syndrome
Following a right pneumonectomy, mediastinum tends to rotate w/ a resultant transverse orientation of the aortic arch, and the contralateral lung herniates anteriorly. In general, the smaller the postpneumonectomy space is, the greater the lung herniation. The mediastinal shift may be extreme following a right pneumonectomy in children or thin adults that the distal trachea and remaining left mainstem bronchus are partially compressed between the aorta and left pulmonary artery, resulting in dyspnea or recurrent left lung infections.
145
Poland syndrome
congenital absence of the pectoralis major and minor muscles
146
SAPHO
synovitis, acne, palmoplantar pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis; may simulate infection or neoplasm
147
Tietze syndrome
inflammatory condition that includes chest pain as well as tenderness and swelling of the costal cartilage; can clinically mimic a chest wall mass
148
Ollier disease
enchondromatosis
149
Maffucci syndrome
enchondromatosis, hemangiomas
150
Parsonage-Turner syndrome
brachial neuritis; may be caused by viral infection or its sequelae, complication of vaccine, antibiotic, or other drug, or may be idiopathic
151
Blalock-Taussig shunt
connects subclavian artery to the pulmonary artery
152
Waterston shunt
connects ascending aorta to right pulmonary artery
153
Potts shunt
connects descending aorta to left pulmonary artery
154
Glenn shunt
connects SVC to right pulmonary artery
155
Hampton hump
lower lobe triangular or rounded opacity contiguous w/ the pleura w/ its apex directed toward the hilum; results from visualization of peripheral pulmonary infarction
156
Fleischner lines
linear atelectasis / discoid/plate-like/subsegmental atelectasis
157
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
tends to have symmetrical involvement progressing from proximal to distal (vs myotonic dystrophy - distal to proximal)
158
Brodie's abscess
form of subacute osteomyelitis that is esp common in children; radiographic features are those of a well-circumscribed lytic lesion with sclerotic borders in the metaphysis of a long bone
159
Lisfranc joints
tarsometatarsal joints
160
Chopart joints
talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints - midtarsal joints sa Google
161
Segond's fracture
avulsion fracture involving the mid-lateral tibial plateau (at the attachment of the anterolateral ligament)
162
Segond fracture
lateral tibial rim fracture; may be assoc w/ ACL injuries; fracture at the location of the lateral compartment of the meniscotibial ligament / previously through to represent a bony ligamentous avulsion of the meniscotibial portion of the middle third of the lateral capsular ligament; associated with avulsion forces directed by the posterior fibers of the iliotibial tract or anterior oblique band of the LCL; small vertical avulsion of the LCL insertion in the lateral aspect of the proximal tibia
163
reverse Segond fracture
avulsion fracture fragment on the medial aspect of the medial tibial plateau associated w/ the deep portion of the MCL; seen w/ disruption of the PCL and tears of the peripheral medial meniscus
164
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson syndrome
avulsion of the inferior pole of the patella that can occur in children secondary to chronic avulsive forces
165
Bennett lesion
extra-articular posterior capsular avulsive injury that may be assoc w/ a posterior labral injury; mineralization of the posterior band of the IGHL and posterior capsule from chronic traction forces
166
HAGL lesions
humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament; avulsion of the inferior glenohumeral ligament from the humerus; often assoc w/ subscap tendon tear
167
BHAGL lesions
bony HAGL
168
Hill-Sachs defect
impaction fracture on the posterolateral aspect of humeral head
169
Bankart fracture
fracture of the AI glenoid
170
Bankart lesion
detachment of the AI labrum from the glenoid w/ disruption of the anterior scapular periosteum - "cartilaginous" Bankart; "oseteocartilaginous" Bankart - (+) fracture of the AI glenoid
171
ALPSA lesion
variation of the Bankart lesion; avulsion of the anterior labrum from the AI glenoid w/ intact anterior scapular periosteum that has been stripped from the bone (periosteal sleeve), but that remains attached to the labrum
172
trough lesion
impaction fracture of the anteromedial humeral head after posterior shoulder dislocation
173
reverse Bankart lesion
detachment of the posteroinferior labrum, w/c may or may not be assoc w/ a fracture of the posterior glenoid
174
reverse Bankart fracture
impaction fracture of the posterior aspect of the glenoid after posterior shoulder dislocation
175
SLAP lesion
tears involving the superior labrum that are oriented in an anterior and posterior direction; occur at attachment site of long head of biceps to the superior labrum
176
bucket-handle tear of the labrum
tear extends longitudinally through the superior labrum separating it into superior and inferior labral fragments; inferior fragment may become unstable
177
GLAD lesion
glenolabral articular disruption; focal chondral injury or defect, often with fraying or a subtle nondisplaced tear of the adj AI labrum
178
Parsonage-Turner syndrome
acute brachial neuritis w/c is prob the consequence of a viral inflammation of the nerves, although the exact etiology is unknown
179
Panner's disease
osteochondrosis of the capitellum
180
arcade of Struthers
common aponeurosis for the humeral head, origin of the FCU, origin of the FDS, and common intermuscular septum; can be released when present to avoid postsurgical ulnar nerve compression
181
Kiloh-Nevin syndrome
anterior interosseous syndrome; rare compression neuropathy confined to the anterior interosseous nerve
182
Guyon's canal
ulnar tunnel; where the ulnar nerve, artery, and vein pass through
183
Stener lesion
the ulnar collateral ligament when it is retracted proximally and displaced superficial to the adductor aponeurosis
184
Lister's tubercle
bony protuberance on the dorsum of the radius separating the 2nd and 3rd dorsal compartments
185
Lister's tubercle
most prominent dorsal radial ridge, separating the extensor pollicis longus tendon (ulnar side) from the extensor carpi brevis tendon (radial side); site of formation of bone spurs and attrition ruptures in RA
186
de Quervain's syndrome
entrapment and tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons in the 1st dorsal compartment
187
Kienbock’s disease
osteonecrosis of the lunate
188
Sharpey's fibers
anchors the annulus to the adjacent vertebral bodies / attaches the disks to the vertebral bodies
189
Sharpey fibers
fibers in the outer ring of the annulus fibrosus that originate and insert in the compact cortical bone in the ring apophysis
190
Tarlov cysts
dilated nerve root sleeves / arachnoid diverticula
191
Baastrup's disease
kissing spine; degenerative changes of the spinous processes and intervening interspinous soft tissues
192
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
idiopathic AVN of growing femoral epiphysis that results in a progressive deformity and outward displacement of the femoral head
193
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
childhood hip disorder that results in infarction of the bony epiphysis of the femoral head
194
Salter fracture of the hip
medial, inferior, posterior slip of femoral head
195
Wrisberg variant of a discoid lateral meniscus
discoid meniscus that can cause symptoms w/o being torn; lacks attachments to the capsule via the normal struts or fascicles and lacks attachments to the tibia via the coronary or meniscotibial ligaments at the posterior horn of the meniscus; only attachment to the posterior horn is the Wrisberg ligament
196
ligament of Humphrey
meniscofemoral ligament that originates on the posterior medial femoral condyle and runs obliquely across the knee in the intercondylar notch, anterior to the PCL, and inserts to the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus
197
ligament of Wrisberg
meniscofemoral ligament that originates on the posterior medial femoral condyle and runs obliquely across the knee in the intercondylar notch, posterior to the PCL, and inserts to the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus
198
Gerdy's tubercle
located at the anterolateral tibia where the iliotibial band inserts onto (biceps tendon and LCL insert onto the prox fibula via a conjoined attachment)
199
Morel-Lavallee lesion
fluid collection at the subcutaneous fat-fascia interface along the anterior aspect of the knee, which may result from a shearing injury, force that causes this degloving injury; fat is sheared off os its attachment to the fascia and fluid accumulates in the injured tissue; often very difficult to treat due to a high rate of recurrence; see MC
200
Kager's triangle
triangular fat pad anterior to the Achilles tendon
201
Haglund's deformity
triad of retro-Achilles busitis, retrocalcaneal bursitis, and thickening/partial tearing of distal Achilles tendon
202
Baxter's nerve
inferior calcaneal nerve; can be impinged in plantar fasciitis causing denervation within abductor digiti minimi and potentially the flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae muscles
203
Freiberg's infraction
osteonecrosis of the metatarsal heads, especially the 2nd, often seen in individuals who wear high heels
204
Freiberg's infraction
osteochondrosis of the metatarsal head, usually prior to closure of epiphyseal plate
205
O'Donoghue's triad
ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus injuries; associated w/ valgus stress in external rotation, aka clip injury; tears of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus are also assoc w/ these lesions and are considered more serious
206
Jones fracture
avulsion (?) or transverse fractures of the fifth metatarsal
207
Wartenberg syndrome
superficial radial nerve syndrome; entrapment of the sensory branch of radial nerve in distal forearm; handcuff neuropathy or watch-strap nerve compression
208
Mohr syndrome
orofacial digital syndrome II; reduplicated great toes bilaterally helps to identify OFD II and to distinguish it from OFD I
209
median cleft face syndrome
hypertelorism, broad nasal root, and a median cleft nose (w/ or w/o median cleft upper lip, median cleft premaxilla, and cranium bifidum occultum frontalis)
210
fossa of Rosenmuller
mucosa of the lateral pharyngeal recess
211
nodes of Rouvier
lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes
212
sinus of Morgagni
gap in the upper margin of the pharyngobasilar fascia / notch along the superior aspect of the posterolateral margin of this fascia; through this gap the distal eustachian tube and levator palatini muscle pass on their way into the PMS; NPCA tends to escape the confines of the pharyngeal mucosal space through this, thereby accessing the skull base
213
Warthin's tumor
papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
214
Warthon's ducts
submandibular gland duct
215
Ludwig's angina
severe form of cellulitits, occurring 2-4 days after dental extraction from the lower alveolar ridge, w/ abscess in SLS and SMS
216
Sjogren's syndrome
triad of enlarged salivary glands w/ xerostomia (dry mouth), enlarged lacrimal glands w/ keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and CT disease (MC: RA)
217
Sjogren's syndrome
lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrimal and salivary glands causing decreased lacrimation and xerostomia; many have associated RA, SLE, scleroderma, and polymyositis
218
Mikulicz's syndrome
nonspecific enlargement of the lacrimal and salivary glands assoc w/ sarcoidosis, lymphoma, or leukemia
219
Jacobson's nerve
tympanic branch of CN IX; associated nerve in glomus tympanicum
220
Jacobson's nerve
tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve; glomus jugulare is located in the adventitia of the jugular bulb along this nerve
221
Jacobsen's nerve
tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve, sensory to middle ear and bony eustachian tube, parasympathetic to parotid gland
222
Wallenburg's syndrome
lateral medullary syndrome; when PICA is occluded
223
Wallenburg's syndrome
PICA CVA
224
von Recklinghausen syndrome
NF I
225
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
subacute thyroiditis; familian autoimmune thyroiditis; non-tender thyroid enlargement
226
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
atrophic mucosa, achlorhydria, and sideropenic anemia in women; hypopharyngeal ca is a complication of this syndrome
227
Zinn's ligamentous ring
common tendinous ring in the orbital apex / common annulus tendineus communis; origin of the 4 recti, superior oblique, and levator palpebrae muscles
228
Coats' disease
congenital vascular malformation of the retina char by multiple telangiectatic vessels; leads to retinal detachment
229
Sturge-Weber syndrome
may be assoc w/ choroidal hemangiomas; mixture of port-wine vascular nevus flammeus, in CN V distrib (part or all of the face, may involve sclera), leptomeningeal venous angiomatosis, seiures, dementia, mental retardation, hemiparesis, hemianopia, congenital glaucoma, buphthalmos (cow eye), and visceral angiomas
230
nasoantral windows and Caldwell-Luc procedure
"gold standard" surgical technique for the tx of maxillary sinusitis; Caldwell-Luc procedure - placement of hole in the anterior maxillary sinus wall just above the roots of the teeth
231
Ohngren's line
theoretic plane joining the medial canthus of the eye w/ the angle of the mandible
232
Mondini malformation
any dysplasia of the inner ear; Harnsburger: loss of normal 2 1/2 turns to the cochlea
233
Michel's dysplasia
poorly documented, extremely rare disorder characterized by complete lack of development of the inner ear
234
Gradenigo's syndrome
petrous apicitis; retroorbital pain, 6th nerve palsy, otorrhea; osteomyelitic lesion of the petrous apex, oftwn w/ fluid in the ipsi middle ear anf mastoid
235
Gradenigo's syndrome
may be associated w/ endolymphatic sac tumors
236
van der Hoeve's syndrome
combination of osteogenesis imperfecta, otosclerosis, and blue sclera
237
Albright's syndrome
polyostotic, unilateral form of FD w/ ipsilateral cafe-au-lait spots and endocrine dysfunction that produces precocious puberty in girls
238
Albright's syndrome
polyostotic FD + pigmented skin macules and sexual precocity. Skin pigmentations have irregular margins ("coast of Maine") as opposed to the smoother-bordered pigmentations ("coast of California") of neurofibromatosis. Young girls
239
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
histiocytosis X w/ involvement of soft tissues
240
Kallmann's syndrome
combination of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia secondary to agenesis of olfactory bulbs
241
Kallman syndrome
olfactory aplasia/hypoplasia + hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; pituitary gland hypoplasia as well as visual and septal anomalies are common; neuronal migration disorder that results in hypoplastic or absent olfactory nerves and sulci
242
Dorello's canal
CN VI passes through somewhere in the sphenoid bone
243
syndrome of Weber
ipsilateral III, contralateral hemiparesis; lesion in the III fascicles/crus cerebri
244
Claude's syndrome
ipsilateral III, contralateral hemiparesis and ataxia; lesion in the III fascicles/crus cerebri, red nucleus
245
Millard-Gubler syndrome
ipsilateral VI and/or VII, contralateral hemiparesis; lesion in the ventral pons affecting the VI fascicles/corticospinal tract
246
Bill's bar
vertical bony ridge separating the facial nerve from the superior vestibular nerve; surgical landmark not usually seen on any imaging
247
Haller's cells
infarorbital ethmoid cells; pneumatized ethmoid air cells that project along the medial roof of the maxillary sinus and the most inferior portion of the lamina papyracea, below the ethmoid bulla and lateral to the uncinate process; most often arise from the anterior ethmoid air cells and are closely related to the infundibulum; contribute to the narrowing of the infundibulum and may also compromise the adj ostium of the maxillary sinuses
248
Onodi cells
most posterior ethmoid cells, being superolateral to the sphenoid sinus and closely assoc w/ the optic nerve; posterior ethmoid cells extending into the sphenoid bone, situated either adjacent to or impinging upon the optic nerve
249
Gorlin's syndrome
nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome; assoc w/ early development of multiple basal cell ca, w/c can occur within preexisting sebaceous nevi, palmar and plantar pitting, and skeletal developmental abnormalities, as well as within POKCs
250
Gardner's syndrome
AD, consists of multiple osteomas, multiple colonic polyps, epidermoid and sebaceous cysts, desmoid tumors of the skin, and impacted supernumerary and permanent teeth
251
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
disseminated chronic skeletal and extraskeletal form of histiocytosis X; intermediate stage b/n EG and Leterrer-Siwe disease; 3 classic signs: single/multiple sharply defined calvarial defects, unilateral/bilateral exophthalmos, and D.I.)
252
Van der Hoeve's syndrome
osteogenesis imperfecta; error in type I collagen formation manifested as deficiency in fibroblastic and osteoblastic activity; fragile bones, blue sclerae, and deafness
253
Albers-Schonberg disease
osteopetrosis
254
Lemierre’s syndrome
uncommon complication of acute pharyngotonsillitis in which an anaerobic oropharyngitis results in septic thrombophlebitis of the ispsilateral internal jugular vein, with subsequent septicemia and septic emboli, most often to the lungs and large joints. There usually is associated regional reactive lymphadenitis.
255
Heerfordt's syndrome
triad of involvement of parotid glands in patients with sarcoidosis who have uveitis and facial nerve paralysis
256
Macewen's triangle
postauricular location where by direct extension, mastoid disease may spread via a defect or thinning of the outer mastoid cortex to form a subperiosteal abscess
257
Griesinger's sign
perimastoid edema and cellulitis may occur, w/o a cortical defect, due to thrombosis of the mastoid emissary veins
258
nodes of Virchow
most inferior nodes in the deep cervical chain
