EQ1 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Kilburn
- NW London, Irish and Asian
- IRA, shops selling saris
- Asian events, Aamir Khan, Wembley Arena
- main entrance/exit to/from London, connected to M1, leads to Brum (Asian communities)
Place
- sense of place: natural+cultural features, people who live there
- ‘place’ = highly subjective
- internal + external (global factors) influence area
- shared meanings of a place
- places = dynamic, constantly changing: people who live there, physical geo
- politics, services, physical geo, heritage, buildings, spaces, population, ethnicity, cultural change, local customs, socio-economic groups, employment, level of education, crime, recreation, house prices
Berkshire
- 6.4% population increase from 2001-2011
- 2010: high migrant fertility rates
- 1960s baby boom
- M4
- asian enclaves, after war: wind rush generation
- A8 border opening
- London daily commuters, access Heathrow, airport
- Grammar Schools, good education access
- Windsor Castle, tourism
- 10,000 new schools needed
- 420 babies per month, Wexham Hospital
- more stress on education + healthcare
- 3rd highest fertility rates
- 2.29 children born per mother, global average:2.1
- lowest proportion of young benefit claimants
- best school grades, third highest wages
- north south divide due to deindustrialisation
- London: expensive, people forced out
- 83% of UK population in 53% of UK’s land space
- slough trading estate, Oracle, BMW, O2
Belfast
- de-multiplier affect
- closure of heavy industry (Harland&Woolf)
- catholic population disadvantaged
- protestants vs. catholics
- Queen’s University Belfast (refocus on engineering)
- harbour exchange / belfast city airport - opened on reclaimed land
- 6.6% ethnic minorities
- titanic quarter redeveloped - tourism
- Belfast Town Centre vs. online shopping
- inner city population fallen: mainly elderly, more catholics than protestants, closure of heavy industry
- south rich, west poor
- segregation = tension
- HBO studios opened on derelict land
- BREXIT: reduce port traffic
- 5,000 muslim families, 200 hindu in Belfast
Main global changes
- increased air/sea traffic
- resentment towards new groups arriving in countries/cities
- Japanese/South Korean competition for factories
- urban development corporations set-up to redevelop industrial areas
- increased global connections (media, money, people)
- big increase in migration
- global consumer spending has slowed
urban fringe
countryside lost to urban growth
no planning controls
reurbanised for youth, unis, clubs, jobs
commuter belt
counter urbanisation led to dormitory towns, access for workers, commuters to get to urban areas
remote countryside
takes a long time to get there, leisure, recreation (older/upper class)
poor road access
mechanisation of agriculture = unemployment
rural depopulation/RUM
accessible countryside
beyond commuter territory developed - access to city space, clean air, less crime, quiet farmers/farm land 2nd homes middle class residents
retirement villages
cleaner air
closer community
less crime
higher life expectancy
North Antrim Coast
area of outstanding beauty giants causeway - UNESCO world heritage site Ballintoy - GOT Bushmills - whiskey production Royal Portrush - golf open Belfast connected - M1, A26 Protestant coastal erosion + mountainous - creates landscapes for filming causeway coast - limits planning preserve culture high dependency ratio retirement housing hour away from closes airport seasonal economy deindustrialisation - shipbuilding collapse
Londonderry (Derry)
City of Culture 2010
River Foyle and Peace Bridge
Catholic side of Derry - Bogside
Walkers Column - blown up by IRA 1973
Londonderry Port and City of Derry Airport
Controlled by unionists but nationalist majority
‘border city’
US personnel stationed in city during ww2
- military personnel - economic buoyancy
- airfields built
- influx of trade from military convoys
- after war - population decline, less demand for services
- unemployment
Growing Slough
previously known for being miserable
fastest growing city in the Uk
international influences
close to heathrow and london
crossrail = inc. in house prices = grown by 50% since 2009
well maintained road network
multi-cultural
slough trading estate - attracts other businesses
Mars, O2, Blackberry…
4 grammar schools
lowest proportion of young benefits claimers
planned high speed railway - faster connectivity to London
London
51% ethnic minority
technology - knowledge of migrant destination - makes movement easier
rural areas: wealthy, elderly, families
white british = outer boroughs
air-raid shelters were = afro-caribbean in south london
bangladeshi = east london
chinese = dispersed, where businesses are
coastal areas = homogeneous - seasonal employment
middle east= religious barriers = homogeneous
homogeneity
population is all the same
UNESCO can preserve a culture in a location
heterogeneity
population is diverse / mixed up
apartheid
racial segregation e.g. South Africa
bridge-headers
joining families in another country/location
segregation
\+ social cohesion keeps cultural values specialist shops e.g. halal meat places of worship protection against attacks
- lack of trust with other races and communities, job income is lower
discrimination (jobs, income, estate agents)
language barriers
every place built - 20% affordable housing
theory 1: invasion/succession
new immigrants move and dominate/take over areas/neighbourhoods
start at centre, greater degree of filling
white flight - move outward
previous generation ‘break-point’
some don’t mind, but want to leave when there are too many
black = prefer mixed areas, shows they are accepting of other ethnicities
whites = like mixed, up to 10%, want to be majority
racial instability = white flight
gets labelled a ‘ghetto;
theory 2: filtering
people make their own choices
whites don’t mind blacks if they are in the minority (10/20%)
blacks like mixed community - but min. is 30%, don’t want to feel like they are in the minority
when area gets to 15-20% blacks, whites decide not to buy
house prices = decrease
blacks can enter newly vacated areas - tipping point
demand comes down = prices go down
blacks with less money can enter area = majority = white flight
house prices + ethnicities = correlation
Chicago segregation
whites didn’t sell property to blacks
if blacks entered, attacked
estate agents increased their turnover by moving blacks into selected areas, to encourage whites to move out
blacks in 1950s lived in exclusivelly black districts
make up 12% of USA population
USA in 1950s - hypersegregated
Dorset (Wessex)
area of outstanding beauty
Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site
agriculture = tourism (main industry in summer)
no motorways, only A roads
idyllic - picturesque, peaceful, blissful, low population, white British, older age
losing rurality
global prices undercut the prosperous agriculture
2.8% long term employment
below than national avg. for crime, but higher than surrounding communities
not many educational opportunities
pass down family farms
400,000 tourists in the summer, 2017
isolated from services
high dependency ratio
sizes of schools increasing
want to keep rurality - unique to Dorset
98% of England population live in accessible rural areas
rural
bad connectivity
lacking public transport and is expensive
2nd home owners - so area is quite/services operate seasonally
major employers and education is distant
