EQ1 8A.1 CONCEPTS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ARE COMPLEX

Question 1

which indicators can you use to measure development

Answer 1

GDP, GNI, HDI,HPI

Question 2

what are the economic indicators expressed in per capita terms

Answer 2

GDP and GNI

Question 3

what does HDI take int account

Answer 3

LE, education (years of schooling) and economic growth to provide an overall value of social development.

Question 4

what does. HPI measure

Answer 4

a recent indicator that measures sustainable well-being

Question 5

how is HPI calculated

Answer 5

is calculated using the formula: HPI = EW x LE/EF.

Question 6

GDP

Answer 6

Gross Domestic Product (usually given as US$ per capita).

Question 7

GNI

Answer 7

Gross National Income

Question 8

HDI

Answer 8

Human Development Index (a number between 0 and 1).

Question 9

HPI

Answer 9

Happy Planet Index (a number between 0 and 100)

Question 10

EW

Answer 10

Experienced well-being (ranked 0 to 10 – higher number indicating higher perceived well-being).

Question 11

EF

Answer 11

Ecological Footprint (a measure of resource consumption devised by the WWF).

Question 12

what are the other indicators

Answer 12

Other widely used indicators include life expectancy (LE), infant and maternal mortality, literacy and healthcare

Question 13

why’s is human development contested

Answer 13

Differences in the beliefs, values and codes of conduct of the world’s societies mean there are very different perceptions of what human development is.

Question 14

what is an example of differences in beliefs due to law

Answer 14

Sharia law creates a code of conduct and a set of values that are markedly different from the perceptions of human development widely held elsewhere.

Question 15

what is an example of differences in beliefs due to governance

Answer 15

in Bolivia, President Morales has a strongly socialist viewpoint that national wealth (derived from natural gas and minerals) should be shared amongst its people (though not equally).

Question 16

what does it mean by priorities of development

Answer 16

Improvements in health, education, life expectancy and human rights are seen by some as more significant goals for development, though economic growth is seen as the best means of delivering them.

Question 17

what do most people believe development should focus on

Answer 17

health, life expectancy and human rights

Question 18

who was an advocate of development focusing on health, life expectancy and human rights

Answer 18

The late Hans Rosling was a key advocate of this.

Question 19

what’s only likely do be delivered by economic growth

Answer 19

Advancements in health, life expectancy and human rights

Question 20

what is seen as being vital to the well-being of both the world and its inhabitants.

Answer 20

Improvements in environmental quality (such as reducing pollution levels)

Question 21

what does economic growth against

Answer 21

the environment

Question 22

what is crucial for development

Answer 22

Education

Question 23

why is education crucial for development

Answer 23

A literate, numerate, enterprising and skilled workforce is effective human capital.

Question 24

what does education promise

Answer 24

a better job and higher wages, and therefore material benefits that raise quality of life.

Question 25

how does education impact development

Answer 25

Education is essential for knowing and standing up for human rights. It allows a person to be informed about personal health, hygiene and diet, so increasing LE. It prevents the basic problem of illiteracy. Education promises a better job and higher wages, and therefore material benefits that raise quality of life.

Question 26

Positives of education

Answer 26

Better job with higher wages Standing up for human rights Increases life expectancy Prevents illiteracy

Question 27

which organisation works to ensure education access

Answer 27

Most countries recognise the human right of access to education. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) works to ensure this.

Question 28

what does UNESCO stand for

Answer 28

the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Question 29

what is the aim of the UNESCO

Answer 29

It seeks ‘to ensure that every child has access to quality education as a fundamental human right and as a prerequisite for human development’. It aims for peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science and culture. It also promotes cultural diversity, aiming to secure the world’s cultural and natural heritage.

Question 30

what is happening in Pakistan in terms of education

Answer 30

There are some countries (e.g. Pakistan) where there is clear gender discrimination, with females being increasingly barred or deterred from access to other levels of education.

Question 31

what is happening in terms of literacy

Answer 31

There are significant gender differences in literacy in some parts of the world, especially much of sub-Saharan Africa, southern Asia and the middle east.

Question 32

what are the main obstacles to education

Answer 32

Access to education is stopped by other obstacles - e.g. ethnicity, physical and mental disability, social class and wealth.

Question 33

what happened to Malala Yousafzai

Answer 33

Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani woman who was shot by the Taliban for going to school when she was 15. In Pakistan, women and girls do not have the same rights to education as men and boys. She is now an activist for female education, is the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.