EQ1- Human Development - concepts of HD Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in EQ1- Human Development - concepts of HD Deck (23)
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1
Q

Development

A

the process by which a country evolves over time for the better in terms of economic, social, political and sustainable change.

2
Q

GDP

A

GDP per capita measures the total value of goods and services produced in a country per year, per head of its population in the US.

3
Q

Human development index

A

Based on life expectancy, education (literacy rate and average length of schooling) and income.

4
Q

since 1990 how many people have been lifted out of low HD?

A

2 billion ppl

5
Q

ranks for 2019 in HDI ?

A

1) norway
2) Switz
3) Ireland
the US at rank = 17 UK = rank 13
China = higher than rank 80

6
Q

HPI ranks 2019?

A

1) Costa Rica (below rank 60 on HDI)
2) Mexico
3) Colombia

UK in top 40
China rank 72
US below 100

7
Q

GDP ranking for 2020

A

1) US - not in top 5 for either HDI or HPI
2) China - not in top 5 for either HDI or HPI
3) Japan
4) Germany
5) India

8
Q

KOF index of globalisation

A

uses data including trade and FDI figures, number of foreign embassies, tourist flows, volume of international mail. Top countries include Ireland, Netherlands and Belgium - bottom countries include Somalia, Laos and Sudan

9
Q

what is the happy planet index based on?

A
  • wellbeing, inequality of outcome, ecological footprint.
10
Q

what does shariah law aim to preserve?

A
religion 
life
intellect
property & honor 
as well as needs and comforts 

despite western country adoption of secularisation, Muslim countries do not see this as necessary for development.

encourages Muslims to live a life closer to god, in kindness and justice with his creation , as long as right are protected, development will ensue.

11
Q

what does the shariah law state about HD?

A
  • a woman can have 1 husband and a man = 4 wives
  • a non-muslim man who marries a muslim woman is punishable by death
  • women cannot speak alon to a man who is not her husband or relative
  • also covers inheritance, contracts and criminal punishment .

summary; looks to sole issues such as theft, drunkenness, adultery and abortion - commonplace in a western society.

12
Q

how has globalisation impacted shariah law in Muslim countries?

A

Such experiences in globalisation/ westernisation created an urge for Muslim countries, that aim to gain economic might, to change culturally-rooted norms via shariah law; Saudi Arabia’s govt now allows for women to be registered as ‘co-head’ of their households and are able to live apart from their husbands. however strict guardianship laws of men over women continue to be enforced; such as the necessity to ask husbands for permission to enter a domestic violence shelter.

13
Q

socialist development in bolivia occurred under who and when?

A

Evo Morales was elected in 2005 , the 1st indigenous Bolivian president to ever be elected.

14
Q

2005 Bolivia under evo morales, what developments in human life followed his presidency?

A

transform B into a more socialist state ; nationalisation of oil and gas industries, created increased revenue, allowing for investment of revenue into public and social health programmed and further investment into infrastructure.

25% reduction in poverty and 43% drop in extreme poverty.

15
Q

2005 Bolivia under evo morales, what environmental developments followed his presidency?

A

2012 - int. the ‘law of mother earth’ which put nature first due to a variety of problems facing Bolivia (water shortages, mudslides, lake Poopo drying up)

through this resources were reclassified as ‘blessings from nature’ with a focus on conservation

however despite his efforts,Bolivia remains one of SA’s poorest countries

16
Q

How successful was Evo Morales’ government’s socialist model of development ?

A

HDI by 6 points from 2005 - 2016

life expectancy increased by 13.6 years and schooling increased by 2.5 yrs

GNI also increased by 74.1%

17
Q

how unsuccessful was evo morales?

A

High levels of inequality remained at 35%

reduction in HPI from 2014 - 59Th place to 92nd - 2017

18
Q

what is the ICESR and what are its limitations?

A

The International Covenant on economic, social and cultural rights - accepted by 170 countries and passed by the UN in 1976.

recognises the right for everyone to have free education at 1,2 and higher level.

has been signed by only 70 countries. -even when signed it has not been effectively ratified it const of the member countries. and many have made interpretative declarations to their application of the covenant.

struggles to achieve gender equality in education, especially in SSA countries - South Sudan has not signed

19
Q

what suggests that the ICESR is achieving its aims to achieve universal education?

A

avg years of schooling in Africa have increased from 2-5 yrs and there is a projection of 10yrs by 2050.

20
Q

ranks for the most educated countries in 2018?

A
1) canada 
2 Japan 
3 Israel 
4 Korea 
5 UK
21
Q

what does UNESCO’s see as the driving factor in human development?

A

UNESCO sees education as the main driver for Hd, women equally ed as men = improves a countries human resources = more skilled workers which can attract FDI fom overseas (China), microfinance schemes have helped India and Bangladesh to help educated women run their businesses successfully. All these ways help a country’s GDP grow.

22
Q

Gender Inequality index ?

A

a composite index devised by the UN, measuring gender inequalities related to 23 aspects of social and economic development. These are ;

  • reproductive health
  • empowerment
  • labour force participation rate.
23
Q

What are the ranks for the most educated countries ?

A
1 Canada 
2 Japan 
3 Israel (shariah law - binding personal law on citizens) 
4 Korea
5 Uk