EQ2 Flashcards
(58 cards)
What is a natural hazard?
A natural event that causes disruption to daily lives or death and destruction. Can be different in size depending on magnitude/intensity
What is a disaster?
Occurs when the scale of impact of a natural disaster is great. It is measured by the number of deaths.
What is catastrophe?
a disaster that has profound impacts on life and property.
What is a risk?
the probability of a hazard event causing harmful consequences.
What is vulnerability?
The extent to which a community could be damaged or disrupted by a hazard
What is resilience?
The ability of a community or society to withstand the effects of a natural hazard through methods of adaptation and recovery.
Factors affect vulnerability:
- the location of settlements
-people’s ability to prepare, react and withstand
-present of warning systems
-local people in planning and preparation
What is the hazard risk equation?
RISK= HAZARD X VULNERABILITY
What does the hazard risk equation show?
Consideration of the hazard (e.g- type of hazard and magnitude)
vulnerability of people and systems and capacity to recover.
What does the Pressure and release (PAR) model show?
the links between natural disaster, risks and vulnerability.
What does the PAR model look like?
Vulnerability on the left:
-Root causes
-dynamic pressure
-unsafe conditions
Hazard on the right
What are the root causes that affect vulnerability?
Governance (local and national) and political and economic systems
How do governance and political and economic systems affect vulnerability? (7)
-Enforcement of building codes and regulations determine the quality and safety.
-The quality of the existing infrastructure affects recovery speed.
-disaster preparedness plans influence how quickly a country responds.
-Efficiency of emergency services.
-Quality of communication systems, affects ability to inform other countries.
-existence of practiced earthquake drills.
-the level of corruption of government influences how resources are used.
How do dynamic pressure affect vulnerability?
Economic and social conditions:
- the level of wealth influences people’s ability to protect themselves and recover.
-People without access to education may be less aware of hazard risks.
-Poor quality housing- more destruction
-Communities with poor health care- suffer from disease and are less able to cope.
-A lack of income opportunities means people cannot buy resources they need to prepare or cope with a hazard.
How does unsafe living conditions affect vulnerability?
-areas with high populations have more low-quality housing.
-Rapid urbanization (moving to cities) creates a need for more housing- quickly built and poor quality.
-The accessibility of an area affects how quickly rescuers and aid can arrive.
Name:
-an emerging country
-a developing country
-a developed country
- China
-Haiti
-Japan
When did Haiti’s earthquake occur?
12 January 2010
What was Haiti’s earthquake magnitude?
7
What physical factors played a part in making Haiti earthquake so devastating?
- Shallow focus (13km)- increased the amount of ground shaking.
-Liquefaction on looser solid caused buildings to sink.
-epicentre was only 24km from Port Au Prince (capital). most densely populated city.
-Dense urban environment made it difficult for rescue teams to work.
What governmental factors made Haiti’s impacts worse?
-high level of corruption led to a lack of resources.
-No commitment to improve the country’s infrastructure and living standards.
-A lack of disaster preparation- no one knew what to do when earthquake occured.
How did developmental factors make Haiti’s impacts worse?
-poor- limited resources were being spent, as they spent more on issues such as disease.
-A lack of building controls and regulation meant that many buildings in Port-Au-Prince were poorly built slums.
-0% buildings are contructed with earthquakes in mind.
What were the impacts of Haiti’s earthquake?
- infrastructure, which was already poor, severely damaged during the earthquake.
-Haiti only has one airport, several ports and a few main roads. These became damaged, crucial aid supplies were prevented from arriving- slowing down rescue efforts.
-Over 1/4 of gov officials were killed, gov buildings destroyed- made gov even less able to organise recovery.
-October 2010- outbreak of colera occured, 2016-> still ongoing.
-Lack of medical supplied and health care workers caused disease to spread.
How many people died and were affected from Haiti?
- over 9,000 Haitan’s had died.
-720,000 had been affected.
How much international aid was donated to Haiti in order for it to recover?
$13 billion, most of it remained in the hands of international organisations, Haitian government controlling less than 10%
