EQ3 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Facts about the trends for tectonic hazards and hydro meteorological hazards since 1960s?
The hazard trend for tectonic hazards has stayed the same since 1960s, however the hazard trends for hydro meteorological has increased dramatically, mainly due to increased mg in the oceans leading to more storms, floods etc.
4 reasons why the number of disasters has increased?
- high population density
- better recording to collect data and when a hazard has happened
- living in vulnerable areas
- higher levels of economical damage
The number of deaths has decreased over time, except for where there have been major events (mega disasters)
2 losses that have increased over time due to hazards?
Higher social loss in poorer area (gdp)
Higher economic loss in richer areas, however they can now cope better
3 problems of the figures of hazards?
- there are different definitions of disasters
- How to count the cost or number of deaths, e.g. as some places will only consider the primary effects, or if the healthcare was damaged it would cause more people to die due to that
- Some governments won’t want that data to get out in its entirety due to the impacts it may have on the government
Mega disaster?
A large number of deaths, a large economic loss, a wide aerial extent
2004 Boxing Day Asian Tsunami?
Magnitude of above 9 on the MMS and had a massive spatial element, covering the whole of the Indian Ocean Basin. Many countries had Low level development and were in low line coastal planes which would had a major impact on the level of disaster and economic loss. Tourism was massively affected for years to come
3 ways to modify the event of a hazard/disaster?
Land use zoning
Tsunami defences (warnings, sea walls)
Lava diversion
Hazard hotspots?
Locations that are extremely disaster prone for a number of reasons
Mitigation?
Any action taken to reduce or eliminate the long term risk to human life or property
First 3 stages of hazard management cycle?
Emergency response
Initial recovery (rehabilitation)
Reconstruction (and mitigation)
Last 3 stages of hazard management cycle?
Return to normality
Learn from lessons during the event
Improve preparedness
2 physical factors that affect response to disasters?
Type of hazard (scale, magnitude)
Geographical location (accessibility)
3 human factors that affect response to a disaster?
Number of people involved
Economic wealth
Education and training
What is Park’s disaster model used for?
to help analyse the timeline between when a hazard strikes and when that place/community will return to normal life
4 strategies to modify the hazard event?
Land use zoning
Strengthen coastal defences against tsunamis
Divert or chill lava flows
increase the stability of slopes where there is high risk of landslides
3 ways to modify the vulnerability and resilience of a community?
Improve prediction, forecasting and warning systems
Improve community preparedness (houses on stilts, hazard proof hospitals, etc)
Changing behaviours (moving people away from high risk areas)
How to modify losses caused by a disaster?
Insurance cover
3 things that insurance companies consider when issuing premiums?
Level of risk in that location/Probability of a hazard
Value of properties
Likely costs of repair and reconstruction
2 sources for disaster aid?
Donations by governments to intergovernmental organisations like the United Nations
Private donations to voluntary organisations and charities e.g. Red Cross
Why is disaster aid often criticised?
It does not encourage self help and does not encourage a more bottom up management of disaster at a local level
4 priorities that the Sendai Framework set out for disaster management?
Understanding the risk
Ensure a a strong government can manage the risk
Invest in improving resilience and preparedness
‘Build back better’ recovery
