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Equipment > EQPS 1, 2 & 3 > Flashcards

EQPS 1, 2 & 3 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What are some features of a controller working position

A

1) Surveillance display
2) Flight strips. Paper or electric
3) Voice coms equipment
4) Weather display
5) Airport lighting

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2
Q

What are the two key voice coms options on a VCCS (Voice communication & control system)

A

1) Radio
2) Landline

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3
Q

What type of wave is a sound wave

A

Mechanical. Needs a medium. Speed of sound. Weakens with distance

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4
Q

What type of wave is a radio wave

A

Electromagnetic. No medium needed. Speed of light. Long distance without degrading

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5
Q

How do you find the wavelength of a wave

A

Distance between peeks in amplitude

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6
Q

How do you find the amplitude of a wave

A

Max displacement (height) of a wave from its point of equilibrium

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7
Q

What is frequency

A

Number of isolations per second. Measured in Hertz (Hz)

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8
Q

What travels further, a short wave or long wave

A

Long

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9
Q

What is the frequency band of HF

A

3Mhz-30Mhz
100m-10m

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10
Q

What is the frequency band of VHF

A

30Mhz - 300Mhz
10m-1m

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11
Q

What is the frequency band of UHF

A

300Mhz-3000Mhz
1m-10cm

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12
Q

What is wave propagation

A

The way in which radio waves travel through a medium. Waves affected by the atmosphere, objects in the way. Affects how far they can travel

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13
Q

How high is the Ionosphere

A

50-800km above earths service. Can reflect, refract and absorb waves

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14
Q

How does refraction and diffraction differ for radio waves

A

Refraction bouncing off ionosphere. Diffraction waves bending around objects

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15
Q

What are the features of space waves/line of sight waves

A

Travel in straight lines, VHF & above. Dissipates with distance

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16
Q

What are the features of sky waves

A

HF waves some reflecting off ionosphere. Affected by solar activity altering how they reflect and refract

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17
Q

What are the features of ground waves

A

LF & MF. Modified by interactions with terrain. Follows curve of earth. Wave front tilting down

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18
Q

What are the four ways radio waves diminish

A

1) Absorption. Foliage, atmospheric moisture, buildings
2) Diffraction. Interacting with rounded object refract more
3) Free space loss. Spreads out through space
4) Terrain. Blocks and surface type also effects

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19
Q

Uses and characteristics of MF

A

300 - 3000 kHz
1000 - 100m
Very long range radio
NDB
Absorbed more in the day
Sky & Ground waves

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20
Q

Uses and characteristics of HF

A

3 - 30 mHz
100m - 10m
Long range Radio
Interference from solar
Sky wave

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21
Q

Uses and characteristics of VHF

A

30-300 mHz
10-1m
ATC coms, VOR, ILS
Line of sight, 100miles
Can be blocked by snow & storms

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22
Q

Uses and characteristics of UHF

A

300-3000mHz
1m-10cm
PSR, SSR, ADS, MLAT
Line of sight. Penetrate buildings
30-40 mile range

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23
Q

Uses and characteristics of SHF

A

3-30gHz
10cm-1cm
Radio Alt, weather radar
Line of sight, v narrow beams

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24
Q

Three basic elements of a radio system

A

Transmitter
Signal
Receiver

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25
What 5 components makes a transmitter
1) Power supply. Turning sound into electrical signal 2) Oscillator. Creates the wave that will carry the info 3) Modulator. Adds info to the wave 4) Amplifier. Make it louder 5) Antenna. Broadcast wave
26
What are the two types of modulation
AM - Amplitude. Varies it FM - Frequency. Varies it
27
Can you use any antenna size for coms
No, must be tuned for the frequency band
28
What 6 components make up a receiver
1) Antenna 2) Radio Freq amplifier. Enhances weak signal 3) Tuner. Extracts singles for the freq wanted 4) Detector. Seps audio from carrier wave 5) Audio Amplifier. Boosts signal from detector 6 )Speaker
29
What is antenna shadowing
Plane body itself can get between signal and receiver. VHF all over plane. HF on top
30
What is VCCS/VCS in radio
Voice Communication Control System
31
What is PTSN in radio
Public Switched Telephone Network. Landline to the outside
32
What is ATOTN in radio
Air Traffic Operational Telephone Network. Phone system between units
33
What is VOIP in radio
Voice over internet protocol
34
What is an intercom
Instantly talk to another control without requesting first
35
Who does the crash alarm connect to
Responding emergency services. Typically fire
36
What is EVCS in radio
Emergency Voice Communication System. Backup phones
37
What is CPDLC
Controller Pilot Data Link Communications
38
What is CPDLC used for
Non-urgent 'strategic' messages.
39
What sort of information is sent via CPDLC
Level changes Crossing constraints Speed assignments Frequency changes Must monitor for acceptance of messages
40
What are the benefits of CPDLC
Less radio chatter (can be 75%) Less miscommunication Refer back to sent messages Less lost communication
41
What info may a pilot send on CPDLC
Responses to ATC messages Info request Climb/decent request
42
What is SELCAL in radio
Selective Calling. Allows ground station to alert aircraft it is trying to make contact without aircraft having to constantly monitor. HF & VHF
43
What is ACARS
Aircraft communications addressing and reporting system
44
Who uses ACARS
Aircraft to company Fuel updates Delay updates NOTAM's Automatic OOOI sending. Like off ground, at gate
45
What is the relation between ACARS & FMS
They can interact. ACARS can trigger FMS changes like to flight plan and alert both aircraft & ground
46
What new system is coming to ATC for controlling aircraft
Deployment Point (DP En-route
47
Who will use DP En-route
Prestwick Upper, Swanwick AC & RAF
48
What is the foursight system
Conflict detection, similar to iFACTS at Swanwick
49
What is iTEC
Flight data processing through interoperability through European collaboration
50
What is IACM in airspace systems
Indra Airspace capacity manager. Flow management, can do 'what if'. Works with iTEC
51
What is MVS and SVS in future equipment
Main voice system and secondary voice system. More modern and secure
52
What are the benefits of electronic coordination
Less distraction with phone calls Less ambiguity, can be read back at any time
53
What is OLDI in coordination
On-Line Data Interchange. Electronic coordination
54
What four options are available to electronic coordination
Accept Reject Revise Offer
55
What sort of messages is CPDLC appropriate for
Non-urgent, standard format messages
56
What are the 4 principles of automation that have to be considered before automation introduced
1) Scope. Goals of the change, how much will change 2) Human Interface. How will it be used. Is it designed in a user friendly way 3) Obligations. Ensure everyone understands their role in the system. Only involve humans as far as needed 4) Integration. Make new systems work with exsiting
57
What is AFTN in a communication context
Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network. Worldwide fixed circuit to exchange messages between fixed stations
58
Who is a part of the Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network (AFTN)
1) ANSPs 2) Aviation service providers (airliners, handling agents) 3) Airport authorities 4) Government agencies
59
What sort of messages are passed on a Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network (AFTN)
1) Distress 2) Urgency 3) Flight safety (routine flight planning, airspace info, aircraft load figures) 4) Met (TAFs, METARs, SIGMETs, SPECIs) 5) AIS (NOTAM's & SNOWTAM's)
60
Who are some people connected to the Swanwick AFTN (Aeronautical fixed telecoms network)
Reykjavik, RAF, MET, Shannon, Ottawa, UK aerodromes
61
What are some key benefits of ATS electronic coordination
1) Reduced voice channel congestion 2) Reduced confusion of who is subject to the message sent 3) Reduced re-transmission of messages. Can read back in the display 4) Reduced memory burden on controller 5) More though into making efficient use of airspace rather than making voice communications
62
What are limitations to ATS electronic coordination
1) Human-machine interface issues. Humans may use the system wrong. Not use automation systems that haven't been explained to them properly 2) Malfunction. If it fails the failure might not be recognised as controller released to do other tasks. Controller may have lost the skills to do it manually 3) Malicious Interference. Interconnecting with other ANSPs can increase risk to opening a path for bad actors
63
What does ATIS stand for and what is it
Automatic Terminal Information Service. Broadcast of aerodrome specific weather, runways in use and other pertinent information
64
What is VOLMET and what information does it supply
Worldwide network of radio stations broadcasting Terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAF), Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) and Meteorological aerodrome reports (METAR). Automated voice
65
What are the benefits of ATIS
Reduced voice coms, pilot can listen before speaking to ATSU to get an idea of relevant info. Letter designator to confirm pilot has most recent info. Can use D-ATIS for text version
66
What radio bands is VOLMET broadcast
Typically HF, some stations particularly in Europe over VHF. VHF typically continuous. HF typically on schedule, every 5 mins for a geographical group
67
What are features of an aerodrome controller position
1) CCTV 2) Crash alarm 3) Backup barometer 4) Aerodrome Traffic Monitor (ATM) 5) Lighting control panel 6) Cloud base monitoring 7) ILS status panel (RISDU)
68
What are some features of an approach controller position
1) Landing clearance information system 2) Stack display 3) Arrival management tool (AMAN) 4) Landing clearance information system 5) Precision approach radar (PAR). Check it is following glide slope
69
What are some features of an area controller position
1) Electronic tools iFACTS, EXCDS, iTEC 2) Traffic load predication tools 3) NODE software to spot infringers, incorrect pressure settings Mode S

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