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EQPS Flashcards

1
Q

How fast do radio waves travel?

A

300,000,000m per second

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2
Q

What is a cycle?

A

Wave travelling from 0, up and down back to 0

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3
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The maximum displacement or value attained by the wave from its mean value during a cycle

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4
Q

What is a Hertz?

A

1 oscillation/cycle

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5
Q

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

The rate of oscillation

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6
Q

What are the wavelengths for VHF?

A

1-10m

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7
Q

Equation for velocity:

A

Frequency x Wavelength

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8
Q

What use of radio waves is made in the provision of ATC?

A

Voice comms
Nav VOR/NDB
Surveillance systems
Weather radar
Data transfer

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9
Q

Advantages of FM:

A

Resilience to noise
Low power modulation
less battery power needed

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10
Q

What is attenuation?

A

A radio wave reducing in strength with range or time from the point of transmission

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11
Q

What is ducting?

A

refraction due to a temperature inversion

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12
Q

What are the common contents of a CPDLC message?

A

Flight levels
lateral deviations
route changes
clearances
routine delivery of messages

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13
Q

Advantages of AM:

A

ATC can override pilots
Heterodyne

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14
Q

What medium do we use for transmission of radar data?

A

Short distance Co-axial & Fibre optic
Long distances radio link
telephone link

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15
Q

What means do we use to communicate in ATC?

A

RTF
Direct controller to controller communication
Landlines
Interphone
intercom system
mobile phone

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16
Q

ATOTN

A

Air traffic operational telephone network

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17
Q

what is SELCAL?

A

Selective calling
RTF is replaced by ‘coded tones’ sent over RTF channels

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18
Q

What frequency does SELCAL use?

A

VHF and HF and code is found in flight plan

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19
Q

What is the AFS?

A

Aeronautical Fixed Service
A telecommunications service between specified fixed points provided primarily for the safety of air navigation and for the regular, efficient and economical operation of air services

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20
Q

What is MOTNE?

A

MET Operation Telecomms Network Europe
“A channel of AFS for the exchange of
aeronautical meteorological information”

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21
Q

What is OLDI?

A

Online Data Interchange
A protocol for co-ordination and transfer of current flight data between adjacent air traffic control units.

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22
Q

What is Radar?

A

Radio Detection and Ranging

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23
Q

How does radar work?

A

A pulse of electromagnetic energy reflects off an object

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24
Q

Which part of the Waveband spectrum is used by radar?

A

1mm - 100cm

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25
What factors affect choice of Radar system?
Attenuation of particular wavelengths
26
Which wavelength is used for Primary approach?
3cm-10cm
27
Which wavelength is used for primary area radar?
23cm - 50cm
28
What causes clutter?
Ground objects weather
29
What are the 3 basic blocks of a primary radar system?
Transmission Reception Display
30
How does the transmission block work?
Trigger unit sends a series of pulses to the modulator which is an ON/OFF switch for the transmitter, the transmitter sends a series of pulses to the aerial
31
How does the reception block work?
The signal reception block detects reflected signals and the boosted clean signal received is displayed on the situation display
32
What is PRI?
Pulse repetition interval
33
What factors affect radar coverage?
Attenuation Ducting Atmosphere PRF Transmitter power Anaprop Pulse length
34
How do we remove unwanted returns?
MTI CP
35
What is tangental fade?
A target moving 90 degrees to radar beam
36
What signal does the ground transponder use to request information?
1030MHz
37
What signal is used by the airborne transponder to reply to an interrogation
1090MHz
38
What wavelength is used for SSR systems?
30cm
39
What modes are used for the SSR interrogator process?
Mode A for Ident Mode C for Vertical info
40
How many transponder codes are available?
4096
41
What types of SSR codes can be issued?
Discrete Non discrete Special Conspicuity
42
What is CCAMS?
Centralised code assignment and management system
43
What are Emergency codes?
7700- General emergency 7600- Radio Failure 7500- Unlawful Interference
44
What is Mode C?
The transmission of vertical position information is the response to an interrogation
45
What are the disadvantages of SSR?
Garbling Fruiting Antenna Shadowing
46
Factors determining Radar coverage? SSR
Aerial size and shape Target size Atmosphere Transmitter power Receiver efficiency PRF Pulse length
47
Operational Radar procedures are determined using which vertical coverage diagram?
UCD
48
What does mode S Elementary provide?
Position Ident Altitude
49
Mode S frequency band?
1030MHz and 1090MHz
50
Mode S Elementary allows what functionality?
24bit Ident on Mode A 25ft altitude reporting Mode C
51
What operational improvements will be made with enhanced Mode S?
datalink automatic provision of airborne data
52
What are the safety benefits of EHS?
Early detection of A/C movement Level busts
53
What are the capacity benefits of EHS?
Reduced workload Direct up to date info to ATCO Reduced RTF occupancy
54
What is Multi-radar processing?
Processing signals from disparate radar/surveillance sites
55
What items are depicted on a video map?
Significant points Final approach tracks airspace restrictions CAS boundaries Coastlines and rivers
56
What moveable data is available on radar?
ERBM Curser DF bearing Alpha numeric symbols
57
What is ADS?
A means by which aircraft and other objects can automatically transmit and or receive data such as identification, position and additional data , as appropriate, In broadcast mode via a data link
58
What info does ADS broadcast?
Horizontal position vertical position velocity
59
How can other aircraft make use of ADS data?
Use it in order to facilitate airborne traffic situational awareness, spacing and self separation
60
What are the primary types of ADS message?
position identification velocity
61
What are the 3 'On-event' messages?
Trajectory status test
62
What is the maximum and minimum accuracy of a position report for ADS-B?
7.5nm >20nm
63
what are the aircraft requirements?
GPS navigation Mode-S transponder Avionics capable of providing correct data Correct connections between the three
64
What is ADS C?
C = Contract
65
MLAT questions
Triangulation of mode S sources
66
AFTN
Aeronautical fixed telecommunications network Each station has its own individual address consisting of 8 letters
67
The AFTN permits transmission of the following: PERMITTED TRANSMISSION MATERIAL Permitted Signs:
Alphabet Numbers Colon : Semi-colon ; Decimal Point . Apostrophe ’ Oblique / Plus + Question Mark ? Brackets () Comma , Double Hyphen =
68
AFTN Messages shall not contain the abbreviations:
SOH, STX, ETX, ZCZC, NNNN.
69
AFTN message priorities:
1- SS (distress and traffic) 2- DD or FF (urgency) (Flight safety messages) 3- GG or KK (Met messages) (regularity messages) (Aeronautical administrative Message)
70
Who assigns AFTN priority?
The person who signs off the message
71
When would a GG message be an FF message?
When the require immediate action
72
GG message
Met messages regularity messages Aeronautical administrative Message NOTAMS and SNOWTAMS
73
FF messages
anything regarding movement and control
74
KK messages
Reservation messages General Aircraft Operating Agency Messages
75
What is the reliability of OLDI?
99.86%
76
OLDI benefits
Automation of routine actions Reduced controller workload Better situational awareness Indirect improvement of ATS system safety features.
77
Other AFTN networks-
OFTS SITA
78
IACM
INDRA AIRSPACE CAPACITY MANAGER
79
EXCDS
EXTENTED COMPUTOR DISPLAY SYSTEM
80
SWIM
SYSTEM WIDE INFORMATION MANAGMENT
81
82
Advantages of PSR over SSR?
Self contained Independent operation Non reliant Permanent echoes Weather info
83
Advantages of SSR over PSR?
Lower transmitter power No ground weather or clutter Simple display of Ident Vertical info Emergency squawks Independent of echoing area
84
Disadvantages of PSR over SSR?
No level info No ident Weather clutter Range depends on specific factors No emergency indication
85
ADS-C contracts
Periodic Demand Event
86
Types of ACARS messages
ATC AOC AAC

BTC 5-24 (9 decks)

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