Equality Flashcards
Golden Rule
(Mathew 7:12) “So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them, for this is the law and the prophets”
Second greatest commandments
(Mathew 22:39) “Love your neighbour as yourself”
Treatment of strangers
(Leviticus 19:34) “The foreigner residing among you must be treated as your native born, love them as yourself, for you were foreigners in Egypt, I am the Lord your God”
Suffragettes
Emily Davidson ran infront of the King’s horse at the Epson Derby in 1913 committing suicide
Slashed priceless oil paintings in the national gallery in London
Protest marches to get womens right to vote
1970 equal pay act
1975 sexual discrimination act
Religious feminist achievements
First female Anglican priest ordained in 1994
First female Anglican Bishop of Stockport: Libby Lane 2014
Development of feminist christian theology changing male focused language e.g. God the Father to God the Mother or even God the Friend
Martin Luther King
Southern Baptist Minister
1963 March on Washington and “I have a dream speech”
Birmingham campaign 1963 led by Southern Christian conference against racial inequality for African Americans in the south
Montgomery bus boycott- year long protest which resulted in court ruling that bus segregation was unconstitutional
Nation of Islam and Malcom X
Malcom X was the national spokesman for nation of Islam
Nation of Islam believed in black pride, separatists and superiority.
Brown vs Board of Education
Protest for racial equality, initiated by African American families, the NAACP, and civil rights activists who challenged the segregationist policies that denied Black children access to the same quality of education as white children. The U.S. Supreme Court case justices unanimously ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
Black Panthers
The Black Panther Party was a revolutionary Black nationalist and socialist organization founded in 1966. It protested against police brutality, racial injustice, and systemic inequality in the United States. The group advocated for self-defense, community programs like free breakfast for children, and greater civil rights for African Americans.
One notable moment of protest was on May 2, 1967, when armed Black Panther members entered the California State Capitol in Sacramento to protest the Mulford Act—a bill aimed at banning the open carry of firearms, which targeted the Panthers’ patrols of police. This dramatic action interrupted a legislative session and drew national attention.
Role of presidents
John F. Kennedy was initially cautious about civil rights to avoid alienating Southern voters, but growing protests pushed him to act. After events like the Freedom Rides and the violent response to Birmingham protests in 1963, he gave a landmark speech calling civil rights a moral issue and proposed legislation that would later become the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
After Kennedy’s assassination, Johnson used his political skill to push through major civil rights laws. He signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, banning segregation and discrimination, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which protected African Americans’ right to vote. Johnson’s leadership was crucial in turning the goals of civil rights protests into law.
Strengths of religious approaches
Religious obligation e.g. Mathew 23:39
MLK more successful in civil rights e.g. election of first black president Obama would not have been possible
Religion has universal appeal in US e.g. Christianity is majority of population
Weaknesses of religious approaches
Secularisation- less than 10% of Uk actively worship and bible verses are outdated
Exclusive- seen as unhelpful as exclude other races such as malcom X and nation of Islam which sae white people as the devils. Religious approaches create tension between different ethnicities undermining equality e.g. nation of islam requested own territory free from white people
Role of presidents more effective as political power is most important because it ultimately banned racial discrimination
Brown vs Board of Education more effective as ruled segregation in public schools by race unconstitutional
Weaknesses of secualr approaches
Religion has universal appeal
No religious obligation
MLK more successful
Strengths of secular approaches
Secularisation
Inclusive e.g. role of presidents and NAACP more Inclusive even attracting Hollywood stars such as Marlon Brando as they are not focused on particular set of religious beliefs many do not agree with in comparison to nation of Islam
Brown vs Board of Education more effective
Presidents more effective
