equations

Question 1

7 energy stores

Answer 1

thermal
gravitational potential
magnetic
nuclear
kinetic
elastic potential
chemical

Question 2

5 energy pathways

Answer 2

heating
light waves
sound waves
electrical current
mechanical

Question 3

specific heat capacity (words)

Answer 3

amount of energy required to raise 1kg of material by 1°C

Question 4

specific heat capacity method

Answer 4

• measure mass (top pan balance)
• measure initial temp (thermometer)
• connect ammeter in series and voltmeter in parallel
• insert immersion heater into material
• measure the time (stop clock)
• connect power supply and record the current and potential difference

Question 5

alpha

Answer 5

2 protons 2 neutrons

Question 6

beta

Answer 6

fast moving electron

Question 7

gamma

Answer 7

high frequency EM wave

Question 8

why do we repeat investigations

Answer 8

reduce random error
calculate a mean
spot anomalies

Question 9

uncertainty

Answer 9

range/ 2

Question 10

thermistors being special

Answer 10

when their temperature is low they have a high resistance and don’t let current pass though (resistance decreases as temp increases)

Question 11

direct current

Answer 11

electrons only flow in one direction (battery)

Question 12

alternating current

Answer 12

constantly changes direction (plug)

Question 13

source of direction potential difference

Answer 13

battery

Question 14

a source of alternating potential difference

Answer 14

mains electricity

Question 15

live wire

Answer 15

brown, carries alternating potential difference from the supply

Question 16

earth wire

Answer 16

yellow/ green, safety wire to stop the circuit becoming live

Question 17

neutral wire

Answer 17

blue, completes the circuit (casing)

Question 18

national grid

Answer 18

system of cables and transformers

Question 19

national grid

Answer 19

• power released from power station
• makes its way to step up transformer
• SUT dramatically increases pd
• this reduces current, collisions, resistance, energy lost through heat
• power goes into step down transformer
• SDT decreases potential difference
• this increases current so consumer can safely use

Question 20

renewable

Answer 20

energy source that can be replenished

Question 21

renewable energy sources

Answer 21

solar, hydroelectric, wave, wind, tidal

Question 22

non- renewable energy resources

Answer 22

fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas)

Question 23

nuclear radiation

Answer 23

energy being given off by the nucleus

Question 24

half life

Answer 24

the time it takes the number of radioactive nuclei in a sample to half

Question 25

contamination

Answer 25

happens when you take radioactive material inside your body or if it is on your skin

Question 26

irrigation

Answer 26

happens when there is radioactive material outside ur body that can reach you in waves

Question 27

(induced) fission (4 marks)

Answer 27

a slow moving neutron is fired at a uranium nucleus (1) uranium nucleus becomes unstable (2) and splits into 2 daughter nucleus (3) 3 neutrons gamma waves and energy is also released (4)

Question 28

define fusion

Answer 28

combining 2 light nuclei to make one larger nuclei and mass is converted into energy through E=mc^2