equilibrium Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is dynamic equilibrium?
Dynamic equilibrium is a state in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.
True or False: At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products are equal.
False
What does Le Chatelier’s principle state?
Le Chatelier’s principle states that if a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change, the system will adjust to counteract that change.
Fill in the blank: The equilibrium constant, Kc, is a ratio of the concentrations of _____ to the concentrations of _____ at equilibrium.
products, reactants
What is the expression for the equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD?
Kc = [C]^c [D]^d / [A]^a [B]^b
True or False: The value of Kc changes with temperature.
True
What effect does increasing the concentration of reactants have on the position of equilibrium?
It shifts the position of equilibrium to the right, favoring the formation of products.
What is the impact of increasing temperature on an exothermic reaction at equilibrium?
It shifts the position of equilibrium to the left, favoring the reactants.
What does the term ‘homogeneous equilibrium’ refer to?
Homogeneous equilibrium refers to an equilibrium system where all reactants and products are in the same phase.
Fill in the blank: In a heterogeneous equilibrium, the concentrations of _____ do not appear in the equilibrium expression.
pure solids and pure liquids
What is the significance of the reaction quotient Q?
Q indicates the direction of the reaction and compares the current concentrations to the equilibrium concentrations.
True or False: Catalysts affect the position of equilibrium.
False
What happens to the equilibrium position when pressure is increased in a gaseous reaction?
The position of equilibrium shifts towards the side with fewer moles of gas.
What is a ‘shift to the right’ in terms of equilibrium?
A shift to the right means the reaction favors the formation of products.
What does Kp represent?
Kp is the equilibrium constant for gas-phase reactions expressed in terms of partial pressures.
Fill in the blank: The relationship between Kc and Kp is given by the equation Kp = Kc(RT)^(Δn), where Δn is the change in _____ of gases.
moles
What is the effect of adding an inert gas to a system at equilibrium?
Adding an inert gas at constant volume does not affect the position of equilibrium.
True or False: The equilibrium constant can be used to predict the direction of a reaction.
True
What does it mean if Kc»_space; 1?
It indicates that the products are favored at equilibrium.
What does it mean if Kc «_space;1?
It indicates that the reactants are favored at equilibrium.
Fill in the blank: The term ‘Le Chatelier’s principle’ can also be applied to _____ changes.
temperature, concentration, and pressure
What is the role of a catalyst in a reversible reaction?
A catalyst speeds up both the forward and reverse reactions equally, allowing the system to reach equilibrium faster.
What is the difference between a complete and an incomplete reaction in terms of equilibrium?
A complete reaction goes to completion with no reactants left, while an incomplete reaction establishes an equilibrium state with both reactants and products present.
