Equilibrium

Question 1

Equilibrium

Answer 1

The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction

Question 2

Equilibrium can only be obtained in a _____ system.

Answer 2

Closed

Question 3

Characteristics of an equilibrium expression.

Answer 3

1. Must have a balanced equation
2. The coefficients of the equation become the exponents
3. [] of products over [] of reactants
4. Only includes gases and aqueous solutions

Question 4

What does an equilibrium expression look like?

Answer 4

K= [A]/[B][C] or [B][C]/[A]

Question 5

Equilibrium Constant

Answer 5

K_{eq} or K_{c} or K

Question 6

I C E chart

Answer 6

First row: Initial
Second row: Change
Third row: End

Question 7

Volatile liquid

Answer 7

A liquid with a boiling point close enough to room temperature that it evaporates with no additional heat.

Question 8

In a physical system, when does the system reach equilibrium?

Answer 8

When the rate of condensation equals the rate of evaporation.

Question 9

In a physical system, the rate of ______ increases with the increase in ____________.

Answer 9

Condensation
[] of vapor

Question 10

How does a chemical system reach equilibrium?

Answer 10

When the rate of dissociation of association of the reactants and the rate of the reverse reaction become equal.

Question 11

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 11

Both forward and backward reactions are occurring at the same time.

Question 12

Equilibrium mixture

Answer 12

Both products and reactants are present and their concentrations remain constant over time.

Question 13

Equilibrium position

Answer 13

The proportion of reactant and product in the equilibrium mixture.

Question 14

High value K

Answer 14

Proportionately more products than reactants

Question 15

Low value K

Answer 15

Proportionately less products with respect to reactants

Question 16

Reaction Quotient (Q)

Answer 16

The way to know which way the reaction proceeds to reach equilibrium.

Question 17

What values do you use to measure Q?

Answer 17

You use the initial [].

Question 18

Q>K

Answer 18

[Products] decreases and [Reactants] increases, therefore reaction goes reverse.

Question 19

Q<K

Answer 19

[Products] increases and [Reactants] decreases, therefore reaction goes forward.

Question 20

Q=K

Answer 20

Reaction is at equilibrium.

Question 21

When reaction is multiplied by coefficient n,…

Answer 21

The K of the reaction will be raised to the power of coefficient n.

Question 22

If volume of container is doubled…

Answer 22

The concentration of the reaction is halved.

Question 23

Le Chatelier’s Principle

Answer 23

Whatever we do to a system at equilibrium, it will respond in the opposite way.

Question 24

Increase in the [Reactant]

Answer 24

System responds by removing reactant and shifts the equilibrium to the right.

Question 25

Decrease in the [Product]

Answer 25

System responds by making more product and shifting the equilibrium to the right.

Question 26

Decrease in the [Reactant]

Answer 26

System responds by increasing reactant and shifts the equilibrium to the left.

Question 27

Increase in the [Product]

Answer 27

System responds by making more reactant and shifts the equilibrium to the left.

Question 28

Increase in pressure

Answer 28

Favors the side with less molecules

Question 29

Decrease in pressure

Answer 29

Favors the side with more molecules

Question 30

Increase in temp

Answer 30

Favors the endothermic reaction

Question 31

Decrease in temp

Answer 31

Favors the exothermic reaction

Question 32

Catalyst

Answer 32

Speeds up the attainment of the equilibrium state and causes products to form more quickly, but have no effect on equilibrium concentrations.

Question 33

What is the only effect that changes the value of K?

Answer 33

Change in temperature

Question 34

Delta G = (0)

Answer 34

Reaction at equilibrium and K = 1

Question 35

Delta G equation

Answer 35

Delta G=Delta H-((T)(Delta S)

Question 36

Delta G = (-)

Answer 36

K > 1 and reaction goes forward

Question 37

Delta G = (+)

Answer 37

K < 1 and reaction goes backward

Question 38

Delta G to K equation

Answer 38

Delta G = -RTlnK

Question 39

At equilibrium entropy is...

Answer 39

at a maximum and Delta G is at a minimum

Question 40

What phases appear in the equilibrium constant?

Answer 40

Only (aq) and (g), not (l) or (s) because only (aq) and (g) have concentrations.

Question 41

A reaction with a large and negative Delta G is...

Answer 41

Spontaneous with a high proportion of products

Question 42

A reaction with a large and positive Delta G is...

Answer 42

Nonspontaneous with a high proportion of reactants