equilibrium

Question 1

what happens at dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 1

both forward and backward reaction are taking place:
1. simultaneously
2. at the same rate
3. in a closed system
4. concentrations of products and reactants remain constant

Question 2

what happens to the equilibrium when the temperature is increased?

Answer 2

-the equilibrium position will shift to oppose this and move in the endothermic direction to try to reduce the temperature by
absorbing heat and increasing the equilibrium yield
- left = decreased yield of product
- right = increase yield of product

Question 3

what happens to the equilibrium position when pressure is increased?

Answer 3

-Increasing pressure will cause the equilibrium to shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas to oppose the change and thereby reduce the pressure and decreases equilibrium yield of the product
- right = increase yield
- left - decrease yield

Question 4

what happens to the position of equilibrium when concentration is increased?

Answer 4

• equilibrium position moves to oppose increase of —- by moving right to use it up increasing equilibrium yield of the product

Question 5

what happens to the equilibrium position when the concentration of a reactant is decreased (removed)

Answer 5

• equilibrium position moves to oppose the decrease in —- by moving left to make more of it decreasing the equilibrium yield of the product

Question 6

what is the exothermic and endothermic symbol?

Answer 6

-exo = negative delta change
-endo = positive delta change
-if given delta change is negative the forward reaction is always exothermic and vice versa

Question 7

what is the haber process and the conditions?

Answer 7

• industrial process to convert nitrogen to ammonia using hydrogen and a catalyst
• temperature = 450 Celsius
• pressure = 20Mpa
• catalyst = iron
• recycle unused reactants

Question 8

in Haber process, what are the cons and pros of the conditions?

Answer 8

1. High temperature = faster rate of reaction = shifts to left side = low yield
2. low temp = slow reaction = high yield
3. high pressure = fast = high yield but costly
   4.catalyst V2O5 (solid powder) in a honey comb structure made out of ceramics as its inert which coats a thin layer on the catalyst

Question 9

what is the Kc formula?

Answer 9

Question 10

how to write the equilibrium expression?

Answer 10

• product ÷ reactants
  the brackets are multiplying not adding

Question 11

how to calculate the units of Kc?

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14